Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Treatment Effectiveness of Azithromycin and Doxycycline in Uncomplicated Rectal and Vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Women: A Multicenter Observational Study (FemCure).
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02694497 (Understanding Transmission of Genital and Extra-genital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections in Women Receiving Routine Care; Implications for Control Strategies), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Understanding Transmission of Genital and Extra-genital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections in Women Receiving Routine Care; Implications for Control Strategies
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2023 Korean sexually transmitted infections guidelines for non-gonococcal bacterial infection (chlamydia, syphilis, etc.) by the Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.Investigative and clinical urology · 2024Guideline
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Doxycycline Versus Azithromycin for the Treatment of Rectal Chlamydia in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Mechanisms, management and prevention of anorectal sexually transmitted infections.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Sex hormone-responsive human vaginal epithelial organoids: a novel in vitro platform for studying Chlamydia trachomatis infection.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- New Trends in Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Adolescents and Young People: Epidemiology, Clinical and Diagnostic Management.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and female reproductive health.Nature microbiology · 2022Review
- Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Controversies and evidence on Chlamydia testing and treatment in asymptomatic women and men who have sex with men: a narrative review.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Review
- High Prevalence of RectalOpen forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Direct assessment of possible mutations in the 23S rRNA gene encoding macrolide resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused byFrontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Impact of First-Line Antimicrobials onFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Chlamydia Treatment Practices and Time to Treatment in Massachusetts: Directly Observed Therapy Versus Pharmacy Prescriptions.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
- A review of current guidelines and research on the management of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents and young adults.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRectal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are prevalent in women visiting a sexually transmitted infection outpatient clinic, but it remains unclear what the most effective treatment is. We assessed the effectiveness of doxycycline and azithromycin for the treatment of rectal and vaginal chlamydia in women.
methodsThis study is part of a prospective multicenter cohort study (FemCure). Treatment consisted of doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 7 days) in rectal CT-positive women, and of azithromycin (1 g single dose) in vaginally positive women who were rectally untested or rectally negative. Participants self-collected rectal and vaginal samples at enrollment (treatment time-point) and during 4 weeks of follow-up. The endpoint was microbiological cure by a negative nucleic acid amplification test at 4 weeks. Differences between cure proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
resultsWe analyzed 416 patients, of whom 319 had both rectal and vaginal chlamydia at enrollment, 22 had rectal chlamydia only, and 75 had vaginal chlamydia only. In 341 rectal infections, microbiological cure in azithromycin-treated women was 78.5% (95% CI, 72.6%-83.7%; n = 164/209) and 95.5% (95% CI, 91.0%-98.2%; n = 126/132) in doxycycline-treated women (difference, 17.0% [95% CI, 9.6%-24.7%]; P < .001). In 394 vaginal infections, cure was 93.5% (95% CI, 90.1%-96.1%; n = 246/263) in azithromycin-treated women and 95.4% (95% CI, 90.9%-98.2%; n = 125/131) in doxycycline-treated women (difference, 1.9% [95% CI, -3.6% to 6.7%]; P = .504).
conclusionsThe effectiveness of doxycycline is high and exceeds that of azithromycin for the treatment of rectal CT infections in women. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02694497.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.