Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Children in Senegal During a Year of Vaccine Mismatch: A Cluster-randomized Trial.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00893906 (Assessment of the Effectiveness of Seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Among Children in Senegal), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Among Children in Senegal
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimates of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children in Senegal: Results From 2 Consecutive Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trials in 2010 and 2011.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Fighting the flu in the tropics: The role of influenza vaccination in Southeast Asia.Asia Pacific allergy · 2025Article
- Designs for Vaccine Studies.Annual review of statistics and its application · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape: a comprehensive overview of technologies and trials.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Covariate-constrained randomization with cluster selection and substitution.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2023Article
- Methods for Assessing Spillover in Network-Based Studies of HIV/AIDS Prevention among People Who Use Drugs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Using social contact data to improve the overall effect estimate of a cluster-randomized influenza vaccination program in Senegal.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in the HIVE Household Cohort Over 8 Years: Is There Evidence of Indirect Protection?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Estimands and inference in cluster-randomized vaccine trials.Pharmaceutical statistics · 2020Article
- Evidence in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Increased 2009 Pandemic Risk Associated With 2008-2009 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Receipt.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe population effects of influenza vaccination in children have not been extensively studied, especially in tropical, developing countries. In rural Senegal, we assessed the total (primary objective) and indirect effectiveness of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3).
methodsIn this double-blind, cluster-randomized trial, villages were randomly allocated (1:1) for the high-coverage vaccination of children aged 6 months through 10 years with either the 2008-09 northern hemisphere IIV3 or an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Vaccinees were monitored for serious adverse events. All village residents, vaccinated and unvaccinated, were monitored for signs and symptoms of influenza illness using weekly home visits and surveillance in designated clinics. The primary outcome was all laboratory-confirmed symptomatic influenza.
resultsBetween 23 May and 11 July 2009, 20 villages were randomized, and 66.5% of age-eligible children were enrolled (3918 in IIV3 villages and 3848 in IPV villages). Follow-up continued until 28 May 2010. There were 4 unrelated serious adverse events identified. Among vaccinees, the total effectiveness against illness caused by the seasonal influenza virus (presumed to all be drifted A/H3N2, based on antigenic characterization data) circulating at high rates among children was 43.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.6-60.9%). The indirect effectiveness against seasonal A/H3N2 was 15.4% (95% CI -22.0 to 41.3%). The total effectiveness against illness caused by the pandemic influenza virus (A/H1N1pdm09) was -52.1% (95% CI -177.2 to 16.6%).
conclusionsIIV3 provided statistically significant, moderate protection to children in Senegal against circulating, pre-2010 seasonal influenza strains, but not against A/H1N1pdm09, which was not included in the vaccine. No indirect effects were measured. Further study in low-resource populations is warranted. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT00893906.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.