RE: "MEASUREMENT OF VACCINE DIRECT EFFECTS UNDER THE TEST-NEGATIVE DESIGN".

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Intensity of public health and social measures are associated with effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
   Article
2. A Double Machine Learning Approach for the Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Under the Test-Negative Design: Analysis of Québec Administrative Data.Statistics in medicine · 2025
   Article
3. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infections and their impact on the protection from reinfection during the Omicron BA.5 wave - a nested case-control study among vaccinated adults in Sweden.IJID regions · 2024
   Article
4. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants - surveillance results from southern Sweden, December 2021 to March 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022
   Article
5. Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness - a real-time case-control study in southern Sweden.Epidemiology and infection · 2022
   Article
6. Risk of severe COVID-19 from the Delta and Omicron variants in relation to vaccination status, sex, age and comorbidities - surveillance results from southern Sweden, July 2021 to January 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022
   Article
7. Potential test-negative design study bias in outbreak settings: application to Ebola vaccination in Democratic Republic of Congo.International journal of epidemiology · 2022
   Article
8. Temporal Confounding in the Test-Negative Design.American journal of epidemiology · 2020
   Article
9. THE AUTHORS REPLY.American journal of epidemiology · 2019
   Article

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  THE AUTHORS REPLY.2019
• Comment on
  Measurement of Vaccine Direct Effects Under the Test-Negative Design.2018

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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