Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30687780›Full record

ArticleHepatoma research2018

Gender differences in hepatocellular cancer: disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis and liver transplantation.

Eric M Wu, Linda L Wong, Brenda Y Hernandez, Jun-Fang Ji, Wei Jia, Sandi A Kwee, Sumodh Kalathil

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Hepatoma research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Gastrointestinal cancers in women: The role of sex hormones.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
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  9. Sex and gender disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into risk, diagnosis, and therapeutic outcomes.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Review
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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Eric M WuDepartment of Surgery, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Hawaii, 96813, USA.
Linda L WongDepartment of Surgery, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Hawaii, 96813, USA.
Brenda Y HernandezCancer Center, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, 96813, USA.
Jun-Fang JiLife Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Wei JiaCancer Center, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, 96813, USA.
Sandi A KweeCancer Center, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, 96813, USA.
Sumodh KalathilDepartment of Medicine, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Hawaii, 96813, USA.
Zhejiang University · CN

Funding

University of Hawaii Cancer Center CCSGP30CA071789 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI GERTRAUD MASKARINEC · 1996 to 2026
$56.2M
RESEARCH DESIGN AND BIOSTATISTICS COREU54MD007584 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI MOKUAU, NOREEN, SHIRAMIZU, BRUCE T · 2012 to 2018
$21.1M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA071789NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD007584
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimWorldwide, hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death and occurs 3 times more commonly in males than females. Current surveillance practices do not fully address gender differences in HCC.

methodsClinical characteristics and survival were compared between males and females using a prospectively collected database of HCC patients.

resultsIn a cohort of 1206 patients, 307 (25%) were female who presented with older age, more non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH), family history of HCC, and hypertension. Males (75%) were more likely to use alcohol and cigarettes. Females were more likely to undergo HCC surveillance, have smaller tumor size at diagnosis, and less vascular involvement. Males who met Milan criteria were more likely to undergo liver transplant than women who met the criteria. Median/mean survival was similar between the genders. Multivariate analysis showed that NAFLD/NASH was predictive of mortality for both males and females, age and smoking were predictive of mortality for males, and transplant was predictive of survival for males.

conclusionGender differences in HCC appear related to both behavioral risk factors and biologic factors. Older females with HCC have more NAFLD/NASH and may be overlooked by current surveillance guidelines. These gender disparities may lend support to future studies of gender-based HCC screening.

Indexed as

genderHepatocellular carcinomanon-alcoholic fatty liver diseasenon-alcoholic steatohepatitistransplant

Identifiers

PMID30687780
PMCPMC6347119
OpenAlexW2896895002

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.