ArticleCell host & microbe2019
Maternal Immunization Confers Protection to the Offspring against an Attaching and Effacing Pathogen through Delivery of IgG in Breast Milk.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- The gut microbiota and host immunity synergistically orchestrate colonization resistance.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Design of a live-attenuated bacterial vaccine using effector network engineering.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Article
- Maternal antibodies regulate the establishment of murine oral and salivary mucosal immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- FcγRIIB functions as an IgG transporter in the mammary gland.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Transfer of anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae immunity following infection in mice is protective against lethal challenge in offspring.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Imbalanced IgA-IgG class switching recombination: a novel mechanism of gut immune dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- ORF3 Depletion Attenuates SADS-CoV Virulence and Retains Partial Maternally Mediated Protection in Suckling Mice.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Breastfeeding and infant gut microbiota: influence of bioactive components.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Article
- Maternal Extra Virgin Olive Oil Supplementation Enhances Offspring Immune Function: A Preclinical Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Maternal diet shapes infant microbiota and defensive capacity against infections in early life via differential human milk composition.EBioMedicine · 2025Observational
- Targeted Intervention Strategies for Maternal-Offspring Transmission of Christensenellaceae in Pigs via a Deep Learning Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Lifelong partners: Gut microbiota-immune cell interactions from infancy to old age.Mucosal immunology · 2025Review
- Can Vaginal Seeding at Birth Improve Health Outcomes of Cesarean Section-Delivered Infants? A Scoping Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Bacterial and host fucosylation maintain IgA homeostasis to limit intestinal inflammation in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Antibodies in breast milk: Pro-bodies designed for healthy newborn development.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Owing to immature immune systems and impaired colonization resistance mediated by the microbiota, infants are more susceptible to enteric infections. Maternal antibodies can provide immunity, with maternal vaccination offering a protective strategy. We find that oral infection of adult females with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium protects dams and offspring against oral challenge. Parenteral immunization of dams with heat-inactivated C. rodentium reduces pathogen loads and mortality in offspring but not mothers. IgG, but not IgA or IgM, transferred through breast milk to the intestinal lumen of suckling offspring, coats the pathogen and reduces intestinal colonization. Protective IgG largely recognizes virulence factors encoded within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, including the adhesin Intimin and T3SS filament EspA, which are major antigens conferring protection. Thus, pathogen-specific IgG in breast milk induced during maternal infection or immunization protects neonates against infection with an attaching and effacing pathogen.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.