ArticleVaccine2019
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization after introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for US adults 65 years of age and older, 2015-2016.
Article in Vaccine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indirect Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumococcal Colonization: Persistence and Dynamics of Vaccine Serotypes in Sicily (Italy) 11 Years Postintroduction, 2009-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Serotype Distribution, and Risk Factors Associated WithOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Association of frailty and malnutrition with pneumonia severity in PCV-13 vaccinated older adults: a single-centre experience.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Two Independent Acquisitions of Multidrug Resistance Gene lsaC in Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 20 Multilocus Sequence Type 1257.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Observational
- Increased Proportions of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Cases Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness Sets the Stage for New Serotype 4 Capsular-Switch Recombinants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Brazilian children: Interplay with viral co-infection.PloS one · 2025Article
- Clinical and Microbial Determinants of Upper Respiratory Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae and Native Microbiota in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Control Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- PCV13 vaccine prevents pneumococcal biofilms without affectingFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Decreased Pneumococcal Carriage Among Older Adults in Denmark During the COVID-19 Lockdown.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Persistence of Pneumococcal Carriage among Older Adults in the Community despite COVID-19 Mitigation Measures.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- High Levels of Detection of Nonpneumococcal Species of Streptococcus in Saliva from Adults in the United States.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Clusters Disproportionally Impact Persons Experiencing Homelessness, Injecting Drug Users, and the Western United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of implementing 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for U.S. adults aged 19 years and older with underlying conditions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Limited Added Value of Oropharyngeal Swabs for Detecting Pneumococcal Carriage in Adults.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Asian Sand Dust Particles Increased Pneumococcal Biofilm FormationFrontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in a Brazilian elderly cohort.PloS one · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccination of children with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) led to declines in vaccine-type pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among adults through indirect effects. In August 2014, PCV13 immunization of all U.S. adults ≥65 years of age was recommended. This study sought to define prevalence and serotype distribution of pneumococcal carriage among adults ≥65 years of age and to describe risk factors for colonization soon after introduction of PCV13 in adults.
methodsA cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized U.S. adults ≥65 years of age was conducted in four states in 2015-2016. Demographic information, risk factors for disease, PCV13 vaccination history, and nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected. NP and OP swabs were processed separately and pneumococcal isolates were serotyped by Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumococcal isolates was performed. NP swabs also underwent real-time PCR for pneumococcal detection and serotyping.
resultsOf 2989 participants, 45.3% (1354/2989) had been vaccinated with PCV13. Fifty-five (1.8%) carried pneumococcus (45 identified by culture and 10 by real-time PCR only) and PCV13 serotypes were found in eight (0.3%) participants. Almost half (22/45) of pneumococcal isolates were not susceptible to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Vaccine-type carriage among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals was similar (0.2% vs. 0.1%, respectively). Respiratory symptoms were associated with higher odds of pneumococcal colonization (adjusted OR: 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1-3.8).
conclusionsPneumococcal carriage among non-institutionalized adults ≥65 years of age was very low. Less than 0.5% of both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in our study carried vaccine-type serotypes. Over a decade of PCV vaccination of children likely led to indirect effects in adults. However, given the low vaccine-type carriage rates we observed in an already high PCV13 adult coverage setting, it is difficult to attribute our findings to the direct versus indirect effects of PCV13 on adult carriage.
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