ReviewPituitary2019
The frequency and the diagnosis of pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.
Review in Pituitary, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute and chronic hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- Persisting neuroendocrine abnormalities and their association with physical impairment 5 years after critical illness.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Post-Traumatic Pituitary Stalk Transection Syndrome.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Value of Serum Biomarkers in Endocrine Dysfunction, Neuronal Injury, and Inflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Influence of traumatic brain injury on serum levels of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Results of therapy in children diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Delayed onset arginine vasopressin deficiency after traumatic brain injury.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2024Article
- Endocrine Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Ignored Clinical Syndrome?Neurocritical care · 2023Review
- Menstrual Cycle Patterns After Concussion in Adolescent Patients.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Experience of a Pituitary Clinic for US Military Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2021Article
- Neuroinflammation and Hypothalamo-Pituitary Dysfunction: Focus of Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Insights into non-classic and emerging causes of hypopituitarism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury as Frequent Cause of Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Distant Organ Damage in Acute Brain Injury.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Traumatic brain injuries induced pituitary dysfunction: a call for algorithms.Endocrine connections · 2020Review
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Modeling of Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Disease-directed engineering for physiology-driven treatment interventions in neurological disorders.APL bioengineering · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeClinical research studies over the last 15 years have reported a significant burden of hypopituitarism in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, debate still exists about the true prevalence of hypopituitarism after head injury.
methodsWe have reviewed the literature describing the frequency of post-traumatic hypopituitarism and discuss the factors which may explain the variable frequency of the reported deficits in clinical studies including research methodology and the natural history of the disease.
resultsPituitary hormone perturbations in the acute phase following injury are frequent but are difficult to attribute to traumatic pituitary damage due to physiological hormonal changes in acute illness, the confounding effect of medications, other co-morbidities and lack of appropriate control subjects. Nevertheless, a small number of studies have emphasised the clinical importance of acute, dynamic disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There is a much larger evidence base examining the frequency of hypopituitarism in the chronic, recovery phase following head injury. These studies report a very broad prevalence of long-term pituitary hormone dysfunction in survivors of TBI. However, systematic review suggests the prevalence to be between 27 and 31%.
conclusionSurvivors of head injury are at risk of pituitary hormone dysfunction and we suggest an approach to the diagnosis of post-traumatic hypopituitarism in routine clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.