ArticleImmunity2019
The Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages.
Article in Immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 603 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
603 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 969 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of microplastics on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review of microbial composition, diversity, and metabolic disruptions.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis in chronic lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota and immunometabolism in obesity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Review
- Metabolic control of macrophages in coronavirus disease 2019.Virulence · 2026Review
- The epigenetic archaeology of human-dog companionship.Epigenetics · 2026Review
- Bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots on the microbial mediation effects.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Association between dietary fatty acids and all-cause mortality in patients with cirrhosis: A cohort study.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential in infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The Nexus of Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Colonization Resistance Against Enteric Pathogens.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by improving mitochondrial function.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Innate Immune Memory Responses in Organ Transplantation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Symbiont-Induced HSP83 Establishes Two-Tiered Control of Antifungal Immunity in an Invasive Beetle-Fungus Complex.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Immune Crosstalk in Pneumonia and Acute Lung Injury: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Intestinal Fate of Phenolic Substances in Honey: Metabolism by Gut Microbiota, Regulation of Bioavailability, and Its Prebiotic Effects on Host Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The silent pharmacist: Harnessing the gut microbiome to improve therapy in hematologic malignancies.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Curcumin-loaded tetrahedral framework nucleic acids reshape intestinal homeostasis in ulcerative colitis by coordinating barrier repair, microbiota reconstruction, and immune modulation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
543 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Host microbial cross-talk is essential to maintain intestinal homeostasis. However, maladaptation of this response through microbial dysbiosis or defective host defense toward invasive intestinal bacteria can result in chronic inflammation. We have shown that macrophages differentiated in the presence of the bacterial metabolite butyrate display enhanced antimicrobial activity. Butyrate-induced antimicrobial activity was associated with a shift in macrophage metabolism, a reduction in mTOR kinase activity, increased LC3-associated host defense and anti-microbial peptide production in the absence of an increased inflammatory cytokine response. Butyrate drove this monocyte to macrophage differentiation program through histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibition. Administration of butyrate induced antimicrobial activity in intestinal macrophages in vivo and increased resistance to enteropathogens. Our data suggest that (1) increased intestinal butyrate might represent a strategy to bolster host defense without tissue damaging inflammation and (2) that pharmacological HDAC3 inhibition might drive selective macrophage functions toward antimicrobial host defense.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.