ArticleFood science & nutrition2019
Association of whole grain, refined grain, and cereal consumption with gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies.
Article in Food science & nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03419663 (Cereal or Grain Consumption and Gastric Cancer Risk), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cereal or Grain Consumption and Gastric Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Associations of Whole Grain and Refined Grain Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Whole Grains, Refined Grains, and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Association of whole grains intake and the risk of digestive tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2020Pooled it
- The protective role of whole grains and legumes against gastric cancer.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- Pulse Proteins: Processing, Nutrition, and Functionality in Foods.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association between osteoporosis and refined grain consumption in postmenopausal women: A case-control study.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Cereal-Derived Water-Unextractable Arabinoxylans: Structure Feature, Effects on Baking Products and Human Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Grains in a Modern Time: A Comprehensive Review of Compositions and Understanding Their Role in Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Humanistic Health Management and Cancer: Associations of Psychology, Nutrition, and Exercise with Cancer Progression and Pathogenesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Effect of Flour Particle Size on the Glycemic Index of Muffins Made from Whole Sorghum, Whole Corn, Brown Rice, Whole Wheat, or Refined Wheat Flours.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of Native Form Oat β-Glucan on the Physical and Starch Digestive Properties of Whole Oat Bread.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Health Benefits of Cereal Grain- and Pulse-Derived Proteins.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effects of microwave treatment on the stability and antioxidant capacity of a functional wheat bran.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- The Impact of Whole Grain Intake on Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Focus on Colorectal, Gastric, and Esophageal Cancers.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Grain and dietary fiber intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Article
- Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations.Trends in food science & technology · 2020Review
- Perspective: Whole and Refined Grains and Health-Evidence Supporting "Make Half Your Grains Whole".Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- The Mediterranean Diet and Cancer: What Do Human and Molecular Studies Have to Say about It?Nutrients · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many studies have analyzed the relationship between cereal, whole, or refined grain and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and have yielded mixed results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to summarize the available evidence on this topic. Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies focusing on these associations from inception to October 2017. Summary odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using either a random- or fixed-effect model according to the between-studies heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was also performed. In total, eleven studies that included 530,176 participants were identified. In a pooled analysis of all studies, cereal exposure was not associated with GC risk (OR, 1.11, 95%CI, 0.85-1.36). Specific analyses indicated that whole grain consumption was associated with decreased GC risk (OR, 0.61, 95%CI, 0.40-0.83) and that refined grain consumption was associated with increased GC risk (OR, 1.65, 95%CI, 1.36-1.94). Higher whole grain and lower refined grain intake but not cereal consumption reduces GC risk. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03419663).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.