Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30679879›Full record

ArticlePattern recognition2018

Detection and classification of cancer in whole slide breast histopathology images using deep convolutional networks.

Baris Gecer, Selim Aksoy, Ezgi Mercan, Linda G Shapiro, Donald L Weaver, Joann G Elmore

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pattern recognition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Automatic identification of clinically importantEmerging microbes & infections · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Baris GecerDepartment of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
Selim AksoyDepartment of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
Ezgi MercanPaul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Linda G ShapiroPaul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Donald L WeaverDepartment of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
Joann G ElmoreDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Funding

Digital Pathology_Accuracy Viewing Behavior and Image CharacterizationR01CA172343 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI SHAPIRO, LINDA, WEAVER, DONALD LEE · 2013 to 2017
$3.2M
Improving Accuracy &Outcomes of Breast Cancer ScreeningK05CA104699 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI ELMORE, JOANN G · 2004 to 2014
$1.2M
NCI NIH HHS K05 CA104699NCI NIH HHS R01 CA172343
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generalizability of algorithms for binary cancer vs. no cancer classification is unknown for clinically more significant multi-class scenarios where intermediate categories have different risk factors and treatment strategies. We present a system that classifies whole slide images (WSI) of breast biopsies into five diagnostic categories. First, a saliency detector that uses a pipeline of four fully convolutional networks, trained with samples from records of pathologists' screenings, performs multi-scale localization of diagnostically relevant regions of interest in WSI. Then, a convolutional network, trained from consensus-derived reference samples, classifies image patches as non-proliferative or proliferative changes, atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. Finally, the saliency and classification maps are fused for pixel-wise labeling and slide-level categorization. Experiments using 240 WSI showed that both saliency detector and classifier networks performed better than competing algorithms, and the five-class slide-level accuracy of 55% was not statistically different from the predictions of 45 pathologists. We also present example visualizations of the learned representations for breast cancer diagnosis.

Indexed as

Breast histopathologyDeep learningDigital pathologyMulti-class classificationRegion of interest detectionSaliency detectionWhole slide imaging

Identifiers

PMID30679879
PMCPMC6342566

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.