ArticlePediatric research2019
Mediators of racial and ethnic disparity in mother's own milk feeding in very low birth weight infants.
Article in Pediatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04540575 (Reducing Disparity in Receipt of Mother's Own Milk in Very Low Birth Weight Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Reducing Disparity in Receipt of Mother's Own Milk in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: An Economic Intervention to Improve Adherence to Sustained Maternal Breast Pump Use
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Leveraging mHealth and a milk expression frequency biomarker during postpartum to prolong lactation among parents of critically ill infants: a pilot study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Trial
- Human milk feeding and wheeze in Black infants born preterm.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Trial
- Bonding, Relaxation, Separation, and Connection: Expressing Human Milk While Videoconferencing with the Hospitalized Premature Infant.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2022Trial
- Effect of Postpartum Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Lactation in Mothers of Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2021Trial
- Social and structural disparities in family presence and engagement in the NICU.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Postpartum Health Disparities During the Birth Hospitalization in the United States: A Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mother's Milk Provision Among Mothers of Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Mother's Own Milk Provision During the First 12 Weeks of Life by Gestational Age.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- National Trends in Breastfeeding by Gestational Age Category.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- The relationship of early expressed milk quantity and later full breastmilk feeding after very preterm birth: A cohort study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Health Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Critically Ill Children and Neonates: A Scoping Review.Critical care clinics · 2024Article
- Where does the time go? Temporal patterns of pumping behaviors in mothers of very preterm infants vary by sociodemographic and clinical factors.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Milk Biomarkers of Secretory Activation in Breast Pump-Dependent Mothers of Preterm Infants: An Integrative Review.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2024Review
- Predictors of Human Milk Feeding and Direct Breastfeeding for Infants with Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease: Machine Learning Analysis of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Registry.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Importance of human milk for infants in the clinical setting: Updates and mechanistic links.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Transmission of negative biases through social commentary included in neonatal intensive care unit progress notes.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Early pumping frequency and coming to volume for mother's own milk feeding in hospitalized infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Patterns of Breastfeeding and Human Milk Feeding in Infants with Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease: A Population Study of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Registry.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of Work as a Social Determinant of Health in Mother's Own Milk Feeding Decisions for Preterm Infants: A State of the Science Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite high initiation rates for mother's own milk (MOM) provision, MOM feeding at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) drops precipitously and reveals a racial/ethnic disparity. This study sought to identify factors that (1) predict MOM feeding at NICU discharge, and (2) mediate racial/ethnic disparity in MOM feeding at discharge.
methodsSecondary analysis of prospective cohort study of 415 mothers and their very low birth weight infants. Variables were grouped into five categories (demographics, neighborhood structural, social, maternal health, and MOM pumping). Significant predictors from each category were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model.
resultsAlthough 97.6% of infants received MOM feedings, black infants were significantly less likely to receive MOM feeding at discharge. Positive predictors were daily pumping frequency, reaching pumped MOM volume ≥500 mL/day by 14 days, and maternal age. Negative predictors were low socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived breastfeeding support from the infant's maternal grandmother. Low SES, maternal age, and daily pumping frequency mediated the racial/ethnic differences.
conclusionsMultiple potentially modifiable factors predict MOM feeding at NICU discharge. Importantly, low SES, pumping frequency, and maternal age were identified as the mediators of racial and ethnic disparity. Strategies to mitigate the effects of modifiable factors should be developed and evaluated in future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.