ArticleBMJ open2019
A cross-sectional analysis of respiratory ill-health among charcoal workers and its implications for strengthening occupational health services in southern Nigeria.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Health risks associated with the production and usage of charcoal: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal variations of chronic respiratory disease in charcoal-producing areas, northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A methodological framework for assessing development solutions: application to wood fuel challenges in Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study was conducted to assess the concentration of air pollutants at charcoal sites, the dose-response relationship between site-based exposure levels to air pollutants and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among charcoal workers, and the measures these workers employ to safeguard their health.
designCross-sectional but comparative design
settingCharcoal production kiln sites in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria.
participantsOverall 296 charcoal workers and age-matched, sex-matched and height-matched non-exposed traders (comparison group). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among charcoal workers while secondary outcomes included lung function indices as well as hazard control practices among charcoal workers.
resultsMajority (83.3%) of the sites had PM
conclusionAir pollutants at kiln sites were higher than WHO standards. Despite the significantly higher prevalence of wheeze, chest tightness and chronic cough among charcoal workers, their hazard control practices were inadequate. Charcoal workers should adopt appropriate hazard control practices, and use improved devices which emit minimal pollutants.
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