ArticleJournal of autoimmunity2019
PAM3 supports the generation of M2-like macrophages from lupus patient monocytes and improves disease outcome in murine lupus.
Article in Journal of autoimmunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting mTOR in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Immune Cell Dysfunction to Clinical Translation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The Pathogenesis, Potential Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Microbiome Dysbiosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Immunophenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Bullous Pemphigoid.Annals of dermatology · 2025Article
- Engineered macrophage membrane-coated dihydroartemisinin nanoparticles with enhanced CCR2 expression improved symptoms in MRL/LPR mice by metabolic reprogramming of proinflammatory macrophages.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- M2-ApoBDs as a therapeutic strategy for systemic lupus erythematosus: targeted macrophage reprogramming and treg differentiation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Immunoregulatory iPSC-derived non-lymphoid progeny in autoimmunity and GVHD alloimmunity.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2025Review
- Podocyte, tubular epithelial-immune cell interplay in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Macrophage subpopulations in pediatric patients with lupus nephritis and other inflammatory diseases affecting the kidney.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 2 Attenuates the Formation and Progression of Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in ApoE-/- Mice.Journal of vascular research · 2024Article
- Roles of macrophages in lupus nephritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Macrophages in inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Establishment and Characterization of Free-Floating 3D Macrophage Programming Model in the Presence of Cancer Cell Spheroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Characterisation of macrophage infiltration and polarisation based on integrated transcriptomic and histological analyses in Primary Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Macrophage: Key player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Regulatory Mechanism of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases.Mediators of inflammation · 2023Review
- Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes.Cells · 2022Review
- A Tissue-Tended Mycophenolate-Modified Nanoparticle Alleviates Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in MRL/International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune syndrome of unclear etiology. While T and B cell abnormalities contribute to disease pathogenesis, recent work suggests that inflammatory M1-like macrophages also play a role. Previous work showed that the TLR2/1 agonist PAM3CSK4 (PAM3) could stimulate normal human monocytes to preferentially differentiate into immunosuppressive M2-like rather than inflammatory M1-like macrophages. This raised the possibility of PAM3 being used to normalize the M1:M2 ratio in SLE. Consistent with that possibility, monocytes from lupus patients differentiated into M2-like macrophages when treated with PAM3 in vitro. Furthermore, lupus-prone NZB x NZW F1 mice responded similarly to weekly PAM3 treatment. Normalization of the M2 macrophage frequency was associated with delayed disease progression, decreased autoantibody and inflammatory cytokine synthesis, reduced proteinuria and prolonged survival in NZB x NZW F1 mice. The ability of PAM3 to bias monocyte differentiation in favor of immunosuppressive macrophages may represent a novel approach to the therapy of SLE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.