ReviewDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2019
The Effects of Exercise on IL-6 Levels and Cognitive Performance in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Review in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Biomarkers Responses after Aerobic Training in Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current cardiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- A Critical Systematic Review of Current Evidence on the Effects of Physical Exercise on Whole/Regional Grey Matter Brain Volume in Populations at Risk of Neurodegeneration.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Meditation and Yoga on Anxiety, Depression and Chronic Inflammation in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2025Trial
- Exercise alleviates cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease mice via skeletal muscle-derived extracellular vesicles that enhance plaque clearance by microglia.Nature aging · 2026Article
- The Muscle-Brain Axis in Aging: Mechanistic and Clinical Perspectives on Resistance Training and Cognitive Function.Biology · 2026Review
- The Effect of Physical Exercise on Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Navigating the Neuroimmunomodulation Frontier: Pioneering Approaches and Promising Horizons-A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association of cytokines levels, psychopathology and cognition among CR-TRS patients with metabolic syndrome.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Multiorgan locked-state model of chronic diseases and systems pharmacology opportunities.Drug discovery today · 2024Review
- The effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in rats with bone fractures undergoing open reduction.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Low-dose lithium adjunct to atypical antipsychotic treatment nearly improved cognitive impairment, deteriorated the gray-matter volume, and decreased the interleukin-6 level in drug-naive patients with first schizophrenia symptoms: a follow-up pilot study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Association between CpG island DNA methylation in the promoter region ofThe Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations Between BDNF, CRP, IL-6 and Clinical Symptoms, Cognitive and Personal Performance in Patients With Paranoid Schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Surfeit folic acid, protein, and exercise modify oncogenic inflammatory biomarkers and fecal microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Timely N-Acetyl-Cysteine and Environmental Enrichment Rescue Oxidative Stress-Induced Parvalbumin Interneuron Impairments via MMP9/RAGE Pathway: A Translational Approach for Early Intervention in Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Article
- Changes in inflammation are related to depression and amount of aerobic exercise in first episode schizophrenia.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Effects of iTBS-rTMS on the Behavioral Phenotype of a Rat Model of Maternal Immune Activation.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Effects of physical activities on dementia-related biomarkers: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2020Review
- Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders: From Diagnosis to Care.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exercise plays an important role in brain plasticity, leading to improvements in cognitive function and delaying the cognitive deterioration of healthy people. These effects can be observed in individuals with schizophrenia through improvements in their performance in cognitive tasks and a decrease in the symptomology of the disease. In this review we examine the current evidence for the roles that exercise and the immune system play in patients with schizophrenia, and specifically analyze the interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathway as a potential mechanism resulting in these positive effects. Inflammation and high levels of IL-6 are associated with both the severity of schizophrenia and the cognitive impairment suffered throughout the disease. Performing regular exercise can modulate IL-6 by lowering its basal levels and by causing lower acute increases in the plasma levels of this cytokine in response to exercise (an anti-inflammatory response to physical exertion). Although there is evidence for the positive effects of physical exercise on schizophrenia, more studies will be required to better understand how variation in different exercise parameters affects both the acute and chronic plasma levels of IL-6.
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