ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2019
Negative regulation of glial Tim-3 inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors and modulates microglia to antiinflammatory phenotype after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic remodeling of endometriosis microenvironment: Energy stress and immune evasion.iScience · 2026Review
- Galectin-9 activates microglial asparagine endopeptidase and promotes α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Blockade of Tim-3 pathway in a mouse model of Toxoplasmosis: impact on brain leukocyte infiltration, parasite burden, and neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Iron Oxide Nanozyme as Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Scavenger to Regulate Microglial Homeostasis in Stroke.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Role of Azobenzene-Based Photoswitchable Lipids in Controlling Innate Immune Response.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- The role of coinhibitory receptor-expressing non-T cells in inflammation and immunity: unsung heroes or peripheral players?Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the tumor microenvironment in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: immunological insights and therapeutic challenges.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Tim-3 Deficiency Ameliorates Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in MPP+/MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Models via the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- miRNA506 Activates Sphk1 Binding with Sirt1 to Inhibit Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Hippocampal Subfields Related to Cognitive Decline and Peripheral TIM-3 Levels in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Combination of locoregional radiotherapy with a TIM-3 aptamer improves survival in diffuse midline glioma models.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Article
- Galectin inhibitors and nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- Astrocytes in intracerebral hemorrhage: impact and therapeutic objectives.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- TIM-3 blockade in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma models promotes tumor regression and antitumor immune memory.Cancer cell · 2023Article
- TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy in a wide range of tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Review
- Controlled Decompression Alleviates Motor Dysfunction by Regulating Microglial Polarization via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Intracranial Hypertension.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in degenerative cervical myelopathy.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Review
- Artemisinin exerts a protective effect in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease by inhibiting microglial activation via the TLR4/Myd88/NF-KB pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- CNS-peripheral immune interactions in hemorrhagic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo investigate the critical role of Tim-3 in the polarization of microglia in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (SBI).
methodsAn in vivo ICH model was established by autologous whole blood injection into the right basal ganglia in rats. The primary cultured microglia were treated with oxygen-hemoglobin (OxyHb) to mimic ICH in vitro. In this experiment, specific siRNA for Tim-3 and recombinant human TIM-3 were exploited both in vivo and in vitro.
resultsTim-3 was increased in the brain after ICH, which mainly distributed in microglia, but not neurons and astrocytes. However, the blockade of Tim-3 by siRNA markedly reduced secretion of inflammatory factors, neuronal degeneration, neuronal cell death, and brain edema. Meanwhile, downregulation of Tim-3 promoted the transformation of microglia phenotype from M1 to M2 after ICH. Furthermore, upregulation of Tim-3 can increase the interaction between Tim-3 and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) and activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) pathway after ICH. Increasing the expression of Tim-3 may be related to the activation of HIF-1α.
conclusionTim-3 may be an important link between neuroinflammation and microglia polarization through Tim-3/Gal-9 and TLR-4 signaling pathways which induced SBI after ICH.
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