Observational studyPloS one2019
Which brain lesions produce spasticity? An observational study on 45 stroke patients.
Observational study in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Literature Review on Lesion-Symptom Mapping and Deep Brain Stimulation for Poststroke Spasticity: Restoring a Dysfunctional Network?Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Spasticity After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Ischemic injury to primary motor and premotor cortices is linked to hyperreflexia in mice.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- White Matter Structural Biomarkers Derived from Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Estimate Upper-Extremity Motor Function in Stroke Using Machine Learning.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Relationship between post-stroke trunk function and brain lesion locations: A support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology and Management Strategies for Post-Stroke Spasticity: An Update Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of Resistance Training on Spasticity in People with Stroke: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Neural bases characterizing chronic and severe upper-limb motor deficits after brain lesion.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and clinical predictors of spasticity after intracerebral hemorrhage.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Resistance Training Maintains White Matter and Physical Function in Older Women with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Article
- Investigation of the Kinematic Upper-Limb Movement Assessment (KUMA): A Pilot Study.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2022Article
- Shared and distinct voxel-based lesion-symptom mappings for spasticity and impaired movement in the hemiparetic upper limb.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Individuals with Higher Levels of Physical Activity after Stroke Show Comparable Patterns of Myelin to Healthy Older Adults.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2022Article
- The Impact of Ischemic Stroke on Gray and White Matter Injury Correlated With Motor and Cognitive Impairments in Permanent MCAO Rats: A Multimodal MRI-Based Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Lesions causing post-stroke spasticity localize to a common brain network.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Corticoreticular Pathway in Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Does Motor Tract Integrity at 1 Month Predict Gait and Balance Outcomes at 6 Months in Stroke Patients?Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Early brain imaging predictors of post-stroke spasticity.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasticity is an important barrier that can hinder the restoration of function in stroke patients. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and spasticity, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of spasticity remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesions on spasticity in stroke patients. The present retrospective longitudinal observational study assessed 45 stroke patients using the modified Ashworth Scale to measure muscle spasticity. Each patient was assessed four times: initially (within 2 weeks of stroke) and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the onset of stroke. Brain lesions were analyzed using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) with magnetic resonance imaging images. Spasticity developed to a certain degree within 3 months in most stroke patients with spasticity. The VLSM method with non-parametric mapping revealed that lesions in the superior corona radiata, posterior limb of the internal capsule, posterior corona radiata, thalamus, putamen, premotor cortex, and insula were associated with the development of upper-limb spasticity. Additionally, lesions of the superior corona radiata, posterior limb of the internal capsule, caudate nucleus, posterior corona radiata, thalamus, putamen, and external capsule were associated with the development of lower-limb spasticity. The present study identified several brain lesions that contributed to post-stroke spasticity. Specifically, the involvement of white matter tracts and the striatum influenced the development of spasticity in the upper and lower limbs of stroke patients. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies and for understanding the pathophysiology of spasticity in stroke patients.
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