ArticlePloS one2019
Gcm2 regulates the maintenance of parathyroid cells in adult mice.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial transcriptomic analysis of mouse parathyroid gland cells expressing an activating variant ofJBMR plus · 2025Article
- Perspectives on the Parathyroid-Thymus Interconnection-A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Heritable hyperparathyroidism: Genetic insights and clinical implications.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Review
- A novel heterozygous frameshift pathogenic variant inFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Parathyroid Organoids Resemble Parathyroid Morphology and Function.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into parathyroid cells and establishment of parathyroid organoids.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals transcriptional dynamics in healthy primary parathyroid tissue.Genome research · 2024Article
- Identification of conserved skeletal enhancers associated with craniosynostosis risk genes.Human molecular genetics · 2024Article
- Epigenetic profiling reveals key genes and cis-regulatory networks specific to human parathyroids.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Molecular and Clinical Spectrum of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.Endocrine reviews · 2023Article
- Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the organogenesis and development, and function of the mammalian parathyroid gland.Cell and tissue research · 2023Review
- [MiR-301a-5p modulates parathyroid hormone secretion in secondary hyperparathyroidism possibly by regulating calcium-sensing receptor].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2023Article
- Establishment and characterization of long-term human primary parathyroid tumor subclones derived from Indian PHPT.3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Limits to in vivo fate changes of epithelia in thymus and parathyroid by ectopic expression of transcription factors Gcm2 and Foxn1.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- [Cultivation and characterization of primary human parathyroid cells from patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2022Article
- Novel Glial Cells Missing-2 (GCM2) variants in parathyroid disorders.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Parathyroid Cell Differentiation from Progenitor Cells and Stem Cells: Development, Molecular Mechanism, Function, and Tissue Engineering.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- GCM2 Silencing in Parathyroid Adenoma Is Associated With Promoter Hypermethylation and Gain of Methylation on Histone 3.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Review
- Five patients with disorders of calcium metabolism presented with GCM2 gene variants.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glial cells missing homolog 2 (GCM2), a zinc finger-type transcription factor, is essential for the development of parathyroid glands. It is considered to be a master regulator because the glands do not form when Gcm2 is deficient. Remarkably, Gcm2 expression is maintained throughout the fetal stage and after birth. Considering the Gcm2 function in embryonic stages, it is predicted that Gcm2 maintains parathyroid cell differentiation and survival in adults. However, there is a lack of research regarding the function of Gcm2 in adulthood. Therefore, we analyzed Gcm2 function in adult tamoxifen-inducible Gcm2 conditional knockout mice. One month after tamoxifen injection, Gcm2-knockout mice showed no significant difference in serum calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels and in the expressions of calcium-sensing receptor (Casr) and parathyroid hormone (Pth), whereas Ki-67 positive cells were decreased and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) positive cell number did not change, as compared with those of controls. Seven months after tamoxifen injection, Gcm2-knockout mice showed shrinkage of the parathyroid glands and fewer parathyroid cells. A significant decrease was noted in Casr- and Pth-expressing cells and serum PTH and Ca levels, whereas serum phosphate levels increased, as compared with those of controls. All our results concluded that a reduction of Gcm2 expression leads to a reduction of parathyroid cell proliferation, an increase in cell death, and an attenuation of parathyroid function. Therefore, we indicate that Gcm2 plays a prominent role in adult parathyroid cell proliferation and maintenance.
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Registered trials
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