ArticlePloS one2019
Bacterial regulation of macrophage bacterial recognition receptors in COPD are differentially modified by budesonide and fluticasone propionate.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intraclass Difference in Pneumonia Risk with Fluticasone and Budesonide in COPD: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Direct-Comparison Studies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Pooled it
- Differential regulatory mechanisms of gut-derived SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) on the pulmonary TLR2 signaling pathway and their roles in the inflammatory balance of bacterial pneumonia.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Airway microbial and metabolic features associated with ICS therapy in COPD.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- How inhaled corticosteroids target inflammation in COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
- Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids on the Innate Immunological Response toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Lung Microbiome in COPD.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Conserved anti-inflammatory effects and sensing of butyrate in zebrafish.Gut microbes · 2020Article
- Article
- Mangiferin Inhibits Apoptosis and Autophagy Induced byJournal of inflammation research · 2020Article
- Review
- Scientific rationale for the possible inhaled corticosteroid intraclass difference in the risk of pneumonia in COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationalePatients with COPD have an increased risk for community-acquired pneumonia, which is further increased by inhaled corticosteroids.
objectiveTo assess effects of the corticosteroids, budesonide and fluticasone propionate, on macrophage bacterial responses in COPD.
methodsMonocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) generated from blood monocytes from 10 non-smoker controls (NoS), 20 smokers without COPD (Sm), and 40 subjects with moderate to severe COPD (21 ex-smokers (COPD-ES) and 19 current smokers (COPD-S)) were pre-treated with budesonide or fluticasone (10 nM-1 μM) and challenged with live non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). Cell surface bacterial recognition receptor expression (flow cytometry) and cytokine release (bead array) were analyzed.
resultsNTHI and SP reduced bacterial recognition receptor expression on MDMs from COPD and Sm, but not NoS (except TLR4). SR-AI and MARCO were reduced by both NTHI and SP, whereas other receptors by either NTHI or SP. Among COPD subjects, COPD-ES demonstrated a greater number of reductions as compared to COPD-S. NTHI reduced SR-AI, MARCO, CD11b, CD35 and CD206 in COPD-ES while only SR-AI and CD11b in COPD-S. SP reduced SRA-1, CD1d, TLR2 and TLR4 in both COPD-ES and COPD-S, and reduced MARCO and CD93 only in COPD-ES. All receptors reduced in COPD by NTHI and most by SP, were also reduced in Sm. Budesonide counteracted the receptor reductions induced by both NTHI (CD206 p = 0.03, MARCO p = 0.08) and SP (SR-AI p = 0.02) in COPD-ES. Fluticasone counteracted only SP-induced reductions in TLR2 (p = 0.008 COPD-ES and p = 0.04 COPD-S) and TLR4 (p = 0.02 COPD-ES). Cytokine release was equivalently reduced by both corticosteroids.
conclusionsReduction in macrophage bacterial recognition receptors during bacterial exposure could provide a mechanism for the increased pneumonia risk in COPD. Differential effects of budesonide and fluticasone propionate on macrophage bacterial recognition receptor expression may contribute to the higher pneumonia incidence reported with fluticasone propionate.
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