ArticleScientific reports2019
Metabolic phenotype of breast-fed infants, and infants fed standard formula or bovine MFGM supplemented formula: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Children: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Metabolic impact of reduced-protein Nordic diet-based complementary feeding: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets modulate the infant gut microbiota and metabolome influencing weight gain.Microbiome · 2025Trial
- Plasma Sphingomyelins and Carnitine Esters of Infants Consuming Whole Goat or Cow Milk-Based Infant Formulas or Human Milk.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Trial
- Urinary Metabolomic Profile of Preterm Infants Receiving Human Milk with Either Bovine or Donkey Milk-Based Fortifiers.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Fecal microbiome and metabolome of infants fed bovine MFGM supplemented formula or standard formula with breast-fed infants as reference: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Breastfeeding type is associated with urinary metabolic changes in early life: influence of sex and early weight gain in healthy term infants.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Human Milk as a Model for Next-Generation Infant Formula: Opportunities and Challenges.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Review
- Functional gut variability drives metabolic and transcriptional features in neonatal piglets.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- A Pilot Multi-Omics Approach Unveils Strong Immune Activation in the First Ten Days of Life in Extremely Preterm Infants.Metabolites · 2025Article
- The role of alpha-lactalbumin in modulating tryptophan metabolism and serotonin synthesis.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Volumetric printed biomimetic scaffolds support in vitro lactation of human milk-derived mammary epithelial cells.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Milk fat globule membrane supplementation in formula modulates the gut microbiome and metabolic status of piglets and normalizes intestinal development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Human milk feeding practices and serum immune profiles of one-year-old infants in the CHILD birth cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Review
- Preventative Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Ingredients on DSS-Induced Mucosal Injury in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Nutrients · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Formula-fed (FF) infants exhibit a different metabolic profile than breast-fed (BF) infants. Two potential mechanisms are the higher protein level in formula compared with breast milk and the removal of the milk fat and associated milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) during production of infant formula. To determine whether MFGM may impact metabolism, formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to receive either an MFGM isolate-supplemented experimental formula (EF) or a standard formula (SF) from 2 until 6 months and compared with a BF reference group. Infants consuming EF had higher levels of fatty acid oxidation products compared to infants consuming SF. Although the protein level in the study formula was approximately 12 g/L (lower than most commercial formulas), a metabolic difference between FF and BF remained such that FF infants had higher levels of amino acid catabolism by-products and a low efficiency of amino acid clearance (preference for protein metabolism). BF infants had higher levels of fatty acid oxidation products (preference for fat metabolism). These unique, energy substrate-driven metabolic outcomes did not persist after diet was shifted to weaning foods and appeared to be disrupted by complementary feeding. Our results suggest that MFGM may have a role in directing infant metabolism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.