ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2019
Contribution of smoking and alcohol consumption to income differences in life expectancy: evidence using Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish register data.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stagnation in old age mortality among Finnish women: cause-of-death decomposition of life expectancy trends by income.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2025Article
- The rising income gradient in life expectancy in Sweden over six decades.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Alcohol and life expectancy.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Association between work-related factors and health behaviour clusters among Finnish private-sector service workers.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Article
- Factors behind favorable long-term lung cancer survival in Norway compared to Denmark: a retrospective cohort study.European clinical respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Long-term trends in educational inequalities in alcohol-attributable mortality, and their impact on trends in educational inequalities in life expectancy.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Reversals in past long-term trends in educational inequalities in life expectancy for selected European countries.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- Income differences in partial life expectancy between ages 35 and 64 from 1988 to 2017: the contribution of living arrangements.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Trends in mortality patterns in two countries with different welfare models: comparisons between CUBA and Denmark 1955-2020.Journal of population research (Canberra, A.C.T.) · 2023Article
- Future trends of life expectancy by education in the Netherlands.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Immigration, mortality, and national life expectancy in the Nordic region, 1990-2019.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Observational
- Alcohol-Attributable Deaths Help Drive Growing Socioeconomic Inequalities In US Life Expectancy, 2000-18.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2022Article
- Changes in socioeconomic differentials in old age life expectancy in four Nordic countries: the impact of educational expansion and education-specific mortality.European journal of ageing · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Prevalence and 11-Year Incidence of Cataract and Cataract Surgery and the Effects of Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Disability-Free Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy Among Older Chinese Adults From a 7-Year Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite being comparatively egalitarian welfare states, the Nordic countries have not been successful in reducing health inequalities. Previous studies have suggested that smoking and alcohol contribute to this pattern. Few studies have focused on variations in alcohol-related and smoking-related mortality within the Nordic countries. We assess the contribution of smoking and alcohol to differences in life expectancy between countries and between income quintiles within countries.
methodsWe collected data from registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden comprising men and women aged 25-79 years during 1995-2007. Estimations of alcohol-related mortality were based on underlying and contributory causes of death on individual death certificates, and smoking-related mortality was based on an indirect method that used lung cancer mortality as an indicator for the population-level impact of smoking on mortality.
resultsAbout 40%-70% of the between-country differences in life expectancy in the Nordic countries can be attributed to smoking and alcohol. Alcohol-related and smoking-related mortality also made substantial contributions to income differences in life expectancy within countries. The magnitude of the contributions were about 30% in Norway, Sweden and among Finnish women to around 50% among Finnish men and in Denmark.
conclusionsSmoking and alcohol consumption make substantial contributions to both between-country differences in mortality among the Nordic countries and within-country differences in mortality by income. The size of these contributions vary by country and sex.
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