ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Comorbid infections induce progression of visceral leishmaniasis.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk and protective factors for canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas: a systematic review update with meta-analysis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- Updated Canine Leishmaniosis Working Group recommendations for leishmaniosis in dogs: Q&A on clinical management.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Household risk factors associated with canine leishmaniasis in Fortaleza, northeastern Brazil: Environmental, social, dog characteristics, and exposure to canineOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Tick-borne coinfections modulate CD8Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- LeishTec vaccination disrupts vertical transmission of Leishmania infantum.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- First detection of Leishmania major in dogs living in an endemic area of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Global Distribution of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Role of the Dog in the Epidemiology of the Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Joint Bayesian longitudinal models for mixed outcome types and associated model selection techniques.Computational statistics · 2023Article
- A blinded, randomized and controlled multicenter clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of LeisguardParasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Bayesian multivariate longitudinal model for immune responses to Leishmania: A tick-borne co-infection study.Statistics in medicine · 2023Article
- Modulation of Macrophage Redox and Apoptotic Processes toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of Clindamycin on Intestinal Microbiome and Miltefosine Pharmacology in Hamsters Infected withAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The immune response in canine and human leishmaniasis and how this influences the diagnosis- a review and assessment of recent research.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological implications of Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. and Leishmania infantum infection in cats and dogs in a Mediterranean periurban setting.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Subcutaneous dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria immitis in a dog in Brazil: first report.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2023Article
- Bayesian latent class models for identifying canine visceral leishmaniosis using diagnostic tests in the absence of a gold standard.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Development of Immunological Assays Based onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Immune response dynamics and Lutzomyia longipalpis exposure characterize a biosignature of visceral leishmaniasis susceptibility in a canine cohort.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector borne zoonotic disease endemic in humans and dogs in Brazil. Due to the increased risk of human infection secondary to the presence of infected dogs, public health measures in Brazil mandate testing and culling of infected dogs. Despite this important relationship between human and canine infection, little is known about what makes the dog reservoir progress to clinical illness, significantly tied to infectiousness to sand flies. Dogs in endemic areas of Brazil are exposed to many tick-borne pathogens, which are likely to alter the immune environment and thus control of L. infantum.
resultsA cross-sectional study of 223 dogs from an area of Natal, in the Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were studied to determine the association between comorbid tick-borne disease and Leishmania infection in this endemic area. The risk of Leishmania seropositivity was 1.68× greater in dogs with tick-borne disease seropositivity compared to those without (Adjusted RR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09-2.61, P = 0.019). A longitudinal study of 214 hunting dogs in the USA was conducted to determine the causal relationship between infection with tick-borne diseases and progression of VL. Hunting dogs were evaluated three times across a full tick season to detect incident infection with tick-borne diseases. A logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations to estimate the parameters was used to determine how exposure to tick-borne disease altered VL progression over these three time points when controlling for other variables. Dogs infected with three or more tick-borne diseases were 11× more likely to be associated with progression to clinical VL than dogs with no tick-borne disease (Adjusted RR: 11.64, 95% CI: 1.22-110.99, P = 0.03). Dogs with exposure to both Leishmania spp. and tick-borne diseases were five times more likely to die during the study period (RR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.65-14.24, P = 0.0051).
conclusionsComorbid tick-borne diseases dramatically increased the likelihood that a dog had clinical L. infantum infection, making them more likely to transmit infection to sand flies and people. As an important consequence, reduction of tick-borne disease exposure through topical or oral insecticides may be an important way to reduce progression and transmissibility of Leishmania infection from the canine reservoir to people.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.