Trial reportPloS one2019
Time course of tolerance to the performance benefits of caffeine.
Trial report in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Does acute caffeine ingestion improve high-intensity interval exercise performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Caffeine Dose and Administration Method on Time-Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of acute caffeine intake on muscular power during resistance exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Caffeine and Nitrates Combination on Exercise Performance, Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Fat Oxidation Rate during Fed-State Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Can I Have My Coffee and Drink It? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Determine Whether Habitual Caffeine Consumption Affects the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- CYP1A2 genotype and acute ergogenic effects of caffeine intake on exercise performance: a systematic review.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on the Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Eight Weeks of Sprint Interval Training With Adding Caffeine Ingestion Leads to Greater Improvements in Health-Related Physiological Parameters in Obese Male Adults.Physiological research · 2026Trial
- Melatonin, Caffeine, or Their Combination: Effects on Sleep, Performance, Perceived Exertion in a Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- How does acute caffeine ingestion affect maximal strength and muscular power in bench press and back squat in resistance-trained men?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- No effects of caffeine on cycling to exhaustion and perceptual responses in non-caffeine-restricted subjects.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Caffeinated chewing gum produces comparable strength and power gains to capsules with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effects of Caffeinated Coffee on Cross-Country Cycling Performance in Recreational Cyclists.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- The Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Resistance Training Volume, Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance and Muscle Damage Markers Following a Session of Full-Body Resistance Exercise in Resistance-Trained Men Habituated to Caffeine.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2023Trial
- The Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Volleyball-Specific Skills and Physical Performance in Volleyball Players.Nutrients · 2022Trial
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ergogenic effect of acute caffeine ingestion has been widely investigated; however, scientific information regarding tolerance to the performance benefits of caffeine, when ingested on a day-to-day basis, is scarce. The aim of this investigation was to determine the time course of tolerance to the ergogenic effects of a moderate dose of caffeine. Eleven healthy active participants took part in a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. In one treatment, they ingested 3 mg/kg/day of caffeine for 20 consecutive days while in another they ingested a placebo for 20 days. Each substance was administered daily in an opaque unidentifiable capsule, and the experimental trials started 45 min after capsule ingestion. Two days before, and three times per week during each 20-day treatment, aerobic peak power was measured with an incremental test to volitional fatigue (25 W/min) and aerobic peak power was measured with an adapted version of the Wingate test (15 s). In comparison to the placebo, the ingestion of caffeine increased peak cycling power in the incremental exercise test by ~4.0 ±1.3% for the first 15 days (P<0.05) but then this ergogenic effect lessened. Caffeine also increased peak cycling power during the Wingate test on days 1, 4, 15, and 18 of ingestion by ~4.9 ±0.9% (P<0.05). In both tests, the magnitude of the ergogenic effect of caffeine vs. placebo was higher on the first day of ingestion and then progressively decreased. These results show a continued ergogenic effect with the daily ingestion of caffeine for 15-18 days; however, the changes in the magnitude of this effect suggest progressive tolerance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.