ArticlePloS one2019
Urinary incontinence and its relation to delivery circumstances: A population-based study from rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female Urinary Incontinence in Africa: Prevalence Estimates from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors affecting pelvic floor disorder among women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Association of overweight, obesity and risk of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women: a meta epidemiology study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC geriatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of non-fistulous urinary incontinence among adult women in Bantama, Ghana: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Urinary incontinence in Ugandan gynecologic outpatient clinics: Prevalence, clinical types, and associated factors.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Urinary incontinence (UI) in older women in low- and middle-income countries: a rapid review and case study from Burkina Faso.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of pelvic floor disorder and associated factors among women in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021.Frontiers in urology · 2023Article
- Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogens Causing Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections among Patients Attending Health Facilities in Mwanza and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Estimated burden, and associated factors of Urinary Incontinence among Sub-Saharan African women aged 15-100 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Factors Associated With Persistent Urinary Incontinence Among Women Undergoing Female Genital Fistula Surgery in the Democratic Republic of Congo From 2017 to 2019.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
- Article
- Management of stress urinary incontinence using vaginal incontinence pessaries in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.International urogynecology journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI), the different UI subtypes and the association between UI and delivery circumstances.
designCross-sectional population-based study conducted in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: 1048 women aged 18-90 women living in rural Kilimanjaro. Simple random sampling was done to select villages, households and participants. Community health workers helped in identifying eligible women and trained nurses/midwives conducted face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression modelling.
resultsThe overall prevalence rate of UI was 42%. When focusing on the different types of UI, 17% of the women had stress UI, 9% had urge UI and 16% had mixed UI. Only one woman (0.1%) with vesico-vaginal fistula was identified. UI was found to be significantly associated with increasing parity (OR = 2.41 (1.55-3.74). In addition, women who in relation to their first delivery had delivered at home or had been in labour for more than 24 hours, had increased adjusted ORs of 1.70(1.08-2.68) and 2.10(1.08-4.10), respectively, for having UI.
conclusionUI is common in rural Tanzania and of the subtypes of UI, Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) is the commonest followed by Mixed Urinary Incontinence (MUI). Home delivery, prolonged labour and increasing parity especially having 5 or more deliveries are associated with increased risk for developing UI.
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