ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2019
Triple jeopardy: the joint impact of racial segregation and neighborhood poverty on the mental health of black Americans.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Within- and between-study site variations in ambient air pollution exposure at ages 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Associations between residential segregation, ambient air pollution, and hippocampal features in recent trauma survivors.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The association between four neighborhood disadvantage indices and child chronic health classifications.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Social-spatial residence patterns and adolescent mental health: Investigating the influences of residential segregation, neighborhood social cohesion, and race on persistent, distressing psychotic-like experiences in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Economic insecurity and depression among youth of color during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The protective power of social connectedness: Individual vs. community influences on psychological distress in middle-aged Black adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Environmental Exposures and COVID-19 Experiences in the United States, 2020-2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Associations between childhood socioeconomic characteristics, race, and risk of adverse childhood experiences in a population-based sample of US-born non-Hispanic Black and White women.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Measuring Spatial Social Polarization in Public Health Research: A Scoping Review of Methods and Applications.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Cohort profile update: the Johns Hopkins HIV clinical cohort, 1989-2023.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Structural Stigma, Racism, and Sexism Studies on Substance Use and Mental Health: A Review of Measures and Designs.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Americans Across Adulthood: Evaluating the Role of Psychosocial Risks and Resources.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Institutional Racism and Health: a Framework for Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Review
- Gender Disparities Between Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and Psychological Distress Among Patients with Heart Disease.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Article
- Neighborhood social cohesion and serious psychological distress among Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and White adults in the United States: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Pathways linking census tract typologies with subjective neighborhood disorder and depressive symptoms in the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study.Health & place · 2021Article
- Race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status and cardio-metabolic risk.SSM - population health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBecause segregation may shield blacks from discrimination as well as increase their exposure to concentrated poverty, its net impact on the mental well-being of black Americans is unclear. We investigated the intersection between segregation, neighborhood poverty, race, and psychological well-being.
methodsUsing data from the nationally representative 2008-2013 National Health Interview Survey merged with U.S. Census data, we examined the association between black-white metropolitan segregation (D-index and P-index) and psychological distress (a binary indicator based on the Kessler 6 score ≥ 13) for blacks and whites. Furthermore, we assessed whether neighborhood poverty explains and/or modifies the association. Logistic regression models were estimated separately for blacks and whites as well as for each segregation index.
resultsHigher D- and P-indices were associated with higher odds of psychological distress for blacks. Neighborhood poverty explained some, but not all, of the association. In models that allowed for the impact of metropolitan segregation to vary by neighborhood poverty, higher segregation was found to be detrimental for blacks who resided in high poverty neighborhoods but not for those living in low poverty neighborhoods. We found no evidence that segregation impacts the mental health of whites-either detrimentally or beneficially-regardless of neighborhood poverty level.
conclusionsThe impact of segregation differs by neighborhood poverty and race. The psychological harm of structural racism, resulting in segregation and concentrated poverty, is not additive but multiplicative, reflecting a "triple jeopardy" for blacks, whereby their mental health is detrimentally impacted by the compounded effects of both neighborhood distress and racial segregation.
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