Serum Metabolomics Analysis in Wasp Sting Patients.

To analyze the dynamic changes of serum metabolomics in wasp sting victims, we collected serum from 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients who had been stung 3 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours before sample collection. We analyzed the metabolomics by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) techniques and then performed enrichment analysis. A total of 838 metabolites were identified. Serum metabolomics analysis using MetaboAnalyst revealed 289 metabolites that were significantly different among patients in the 3-hour group versus healthy controls (P<0.001). Pathway analysis of those metabolites indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with sphingolipid metabolism. Based on the differences among the control, 3-hour, 24-hour, and 72-hour groups, we classified serum metabolites into different categories. The first and second categories included 297 and 280 metabolites that were significantly different in terms of concentration among healthy controls versus the participants whose sera were analyzed 3 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after wasp stings. Pathway analysis of those metabolites indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with thiamine metabolism. The third category included 269 significant metabolites. The fourth category included 28 significant metabolites. Pathway analysis of the metabolites in third and fourth categories indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. The fifth category included 31 metabolites, which were not significantly different between the control and 3-hour groups but were higher in concentration in the 24-hour and 72-hour groups. Pathway analysis of the fifth category of significant metabolites identified linoleic acid metabolism. In conclusion, multiple metabolic pathways are associated with wasp stings, and these might provide a basis for exploring mechanisms of wasp sting injury and potential targets for therapy.