Trial reportBMC public health2019
Nicotine dependence as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in the National Lung Screening Trial.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proposing a "Brain Health Checkup (BHC)" as a Global Potential "Standard of Care" to Overcome Reward Dysregulation in Primary Care Medicine: Coupling Genetic Risk Testing and Induction of "Dopamine Homeostasis".International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Significant association between rs28362491 polymorphism in NF-κB1 gene and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Time to first cigarette after waking and risk of incident chronic respiratory diseases in males: A prospective national cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Association between nicotine-dependent patients and delirium in intensive care units: a retrospective cohort study using a large clinical database.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Smoking-Related Increases in Alcohol Outcomes and Preliminary Evidence for the Protective Effect of a Functional Nicotine Receptor Gene (CHRNA5) Variant on Alcohol Consumption in Individuals Without Alcohol Use Disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Exploring the association between melatonin and nicotine dependence (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Mediating Effect of Tobacco Dependence on the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Case-Control Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Nicotine dependence and visceral adiposity as risk factors for the development and severity of carotid artery stenosis.Journal of medicine and life · 2023Article
- A Measure of Illness Awareness in Individuals With Nicotine Dependence-Nicotine Use Awareness and Insight Scale.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- High NAFLD fibrosis score in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a predictor of carotid plaque development: a retrospective cohort study based on regular health check-up data in China.Annals of medicine · 2021Article
- Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Vascular Function: The Concept of Autoimmune Atherosclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- MicroRNA-151 Attenuates Apoptosis of Endothelial Cells Induced by Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein by Targeting Interleukin-17A (IL-17A).Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2021Article
- Acute effects of cigarette smoke on Endothelial Nitric Oxide synthase, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and aortic intima media thickness.F1000Research · 2021Article
- Association of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chronic Smokers Managed at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Free Radical and Nicotine Yields in Mainstream Smoke of Chinese Marketed Cigarettes: Variation with Smoking Regimens and Cigarette Brands.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAtherosclerosis and COPD are systemic inflammatory diseases that share common risk factors including cigarette smoking. A high level of nicotine dependence is emerging as a recently identified risk factor for pulmonary impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tobacco-related cancers. We hypothesized that nicotine dependence is associated with the risk of atherosclerosis in long-term cigarette smokers.
methodsA nested case-control study was conducted within the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial- American College of Radiology Imaging Network. Cases were defined as having a new diagnosis of any type of atherosclerosis. Controls were matched on a 2:1 basis by age, sex, race, study center, smoking status, years of smoking, and frequency of smoking. Dependence was measured by the time to first cigarette after awakening (TTFC).
resultsThe study included 166 cases and 286 controls. Compared to participants who smoked within 5 min after waking, the risk of atherosclerosis for participants who smoked an hour or more after waking was borderline non-significant (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.23, 1.00). Findings were similar for men and women. For aortic atherosclerosis, the corresponding odds ratio was 0.24 (95% CI 0.08, 0.69). Hypertension was associated with an increased risk and body mass index was associated with a decreased risk of aortic atherosclerosis. The TTFC was unrelated to coronary atherosclerosis.
conclusionsCompared to smoking immediately after waking, delaying an hour or more reduces the risk of aortic atherosclerosis even among long-term heavy smokers. Possible mechanisms that explain this association are intensity of smoking, inflammation and oxidative stress, and elevated lipid levels.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.