ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2019
The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Modeling pathogenic B cell function in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Alternatively activated neutrophils limit T cell-driven neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- GM-CSFTheranostics · 2025Review
- Cladribine tablets after treatment with natalizumab (CLADRINA) - rationale and design.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Article
- Proteolipid Protein-Induced Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Requires B Cell-Mediated Antigen Presentation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Article
- Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis: From cellular surrogates to pathogenic mediators and beyond.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2023Review
- The interplay between T helper cells and brain barriers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Glucose metabolic reprogramming in autoimmune diseases.Animal cells and systems · 2023Review
- CD40 Drives Central Nervous System Autoimmune Disease by Inducing Complementary Effector Programs via B Cells and Dendritic Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- NFIL3 deficiency alleviates EAE through regulating different immune cell subsets.Journal of advanced research · 2022Article
- TH17 cells promote CNS inflammation by sensing danger signals via Mincle.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Rituximab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- The therapeutic potential of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- RNA Sequencing of CD4Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2021Article
- Meningeal B Cell Clusters Correlate with Submeningeal Pathology in a Natural Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- miR-20a suppresses Treg differentiation by targeting Map3k9 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Cornuside alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting Th17 cell infiltration into the central nervous system.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which target antigens in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are widely believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in concert with other immune effectors. This theory is supported by data from animal model experiments, genome-wide association studies, and immune profiles of individuals with MS. Furthermore, disease modifying agents that target lymphocytes significantly reduce the rate of MS clinical exacerbations. However, the properties of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells that are critical for their pathogenic activities are not understood completely. This article reviews the literature on encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells, with an emphasis on T-helper (Th) lineage and cytokine production. An increased understanding of the spectrum of encephalitogenic T cells and how they differ from protective subsets is necessary for the development of the next generation of more effective and safer immunomodulatory therapies customized for individuals with MS and related disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.