ReviewVaccines2019
Novel Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccines: Assessing the Use of Distinct Protein Fragments Instead of Full-Length Proteins as Vaccine Antigens.
Review in Vaccines, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and impact of high-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on otitis media.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Differences in Pneumococcal andFrontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Identification ofJournal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Review
- Pneumococcal vaccines in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Approaches to assess new pneumococcal vaccines for immunogenicity, development and licensure.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Development of a broad-spectrum epitope-based vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae.PloS one · 2025Article
- Intranasal trivalent candidate vaccine elicits broad humoral and cellular immunity against pneumococcal pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Surface protein distribution in Group B Streptococcus isolates from South Africa and identifying vaccine targets through in silico analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Implications of Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Protection for Pneumococcal Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Immunogenicity of Current and Next-Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Children: Current Challenges and Upcoming Opportunities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Article
- In silico design of an epitope-based vaccine against PspC in Streptococcus pneumoniae using reverse vaccinology.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Article
- A broad-spectrum pneumococcal vaccine induces mucosal immunity and protects against lethalEmerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Epitope-level profiling in children with mitochondrial disease reveals limitations in the antibacterial antibody repertoire.Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2023Article
- Immunoinformatics-aided design of a new multi-epitope vaccine adjuvanted with domain 4 of pneumolysin against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.BMC bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Experimental Validation of MHC Class I and II Peptide-Based Potential Vaccine Candidates for Human Papilloma Virus Using Sprague-Dawly Models.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- In-silico design and evaluation of an epitope-based serotype-independent promising vaccine candidate for highly cross-reactive regions of pneumococcal surface protein A.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-serotype-specific protein-based pneumococcal vaccines have received extensive research focus due to the limitations of polysaccharide-based vaccines. Pneumococcal proteins (PnPs), universally expressed among serotypes, may induce broader immune responses, stimulating humoral and cellular immunity, while being easier to manufacture and less expensive. Such an approach has raised issues mainly associated with sequence/level of expression variability, chemical instability, as well as possible undesirable reactogenicity and autoimmune properties. A step forward employs the identification of highly-conserved antigenic regions within PnPs with the potential to retain the benefits of protein antigens. Besides, their low-cost and stable construction facilitates the combination of several antigenic regions or peptides that may impair different stages of pneumococcal disease offering even wider serotype coverage and more efficient protection. This review discusses the up-to-date progress on PnPs that are currently under clinical evaluation and the challenges for their licensure. Focus is given on the progress on the identification of antigenic regions/peptides within PnPs and their evaluation as vaccine candidates, accessing their potential to overcome the issues associated with full-length protein antigens. Particular mention is given of the use of newer delivery system technologies including conjugation to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and reformulation into nanoparticles to enhance the poor immunogenicity of such antigens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.