ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2019
Smoking and breast cancer risk by race/ethnicity and oestrogen and progesterone receptor status: the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global epidemiology of breast cancer based on risk factors: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The Multiethnic Cohort: A Resource for the Study of Genetic and Nongenetic Cancer Risk across Populations.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Childhood exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal never smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Gaps in the usage and reporting of multiple imputation for incomplete data: findings from a scoping review of observational studies addressing causal questions.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Excess pancreatic cancer risk due to smoking and modifying effect of quitting smoking: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Differences in modifiable cancer risk behaviors by nativity (US-born v. Non-US-born) and length of time in the US.PloS one · 2024Article
- A Health Inequity: Associations Between Cigarette Smoking Status and Mammogram Screening Among Women of Color.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Smoking and pancreatic cancer: a sex-specific analysis in the Multiethnic Cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- The importance of addressing early life environmental exposures in cancer epidemiology.Current epidemiology reports · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors and breast cancer incidence in a large middle-aged cohort study.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Smoking, Radiation Therapy, and Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk in Young Women.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Cancer Characteristics and Survival among Breast Cancer Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Influence of breast cancer risk factors on proliferation and DNA damage in human breast glandular tissues: role of intracellular estrogen levels, oxidative stress and estrogen biotransformation.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Racial/ethnic differences in postmenopausal breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status: The multiethnic cohort study.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Never-smokers and the fraction of breast cancer attributable to second-hand smoke from parents during childhood: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study 1991-2018.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Differences in breast cancer-risk factors between screen-detected and non-screen-detected cases (MCC-Spain study).Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Family history of breast cancer as a second primary malignancy in relatives: a nationwide cohort study.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Adherence to plant-based dietary pattern and risk of breast cancer among Iranian women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine if the smoking-related higher breast cancer risk was similar for the five race/ethnicity groups in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study and by oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status.
methodsFrom 1993 to 2013, we followed 67 313 women who were enrolled in the MEC study at 45-75 years of age. We identified breast cancer cases and tumour receptor status via linkage to the Hawaii and California Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program cancer registries through December 2013. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 16.7 years, we identified 4230 incident, invasive breast cancer cases. Compared with parous never smokers, parous ever smokers who had smoked more than 5 years before their first live childbirth had a higher risk of breast cancer overall of 31% (95% CI: 1.14-1.51). This higher risk was 51% (95% CI: 1.05-2.16) for African Americans, 66% (95% CI: 1.10-2.50) for Native Hawaiians, 42% (95% CI: 1.13-1.78) for Whites, 37% (95% CI: 1.17-1.61) for ER-positive (ER+) tumours and 33% (95% CI: 1.11-1.59) for PR+ tumours. No difference was suggested by racial/ethnic groups (Pheterogeneity = 0.15) or tumour receptor status (Pheterogeneity = 0.60 by ER status and 0.95 by PR status).
conclusionsWe find that the higher breast cancer risk related to smoking is similar across racial/ethnic groups and by ER and PR status, indicating that breast cancer should be considered as a smoking-related cancer.
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