ArticlePoultry science2019
In vitro inhibition of avian pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum isolates by probiotic Bacillus strains.
Article in Poultry science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- A ProbioticMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Comparison of Gut Microbiome Profile of Chickens Infected with ThreeMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Genetic and Environmental Factors Contributing to the Pathogenesis of Vertebral Osteomyelitis Caused byAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Evaluation of ProbioticMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Winning the battle of intestinal peace withFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Causal association of gut microbiota on spondyloarthritis and its subtypes: a Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Deconstruction of a multi-strain Bacillus-based probiotic used for poultry: an in vitro assessment of its individual components against C. perfringens.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Response of a new rumen-derivedFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum is a commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogen that can cause outbreaks of Enterococcal spondylitis ("kinky back") in poultry, with a growing concern worldwide. Numerous Bacillus-based probiotic strains are commercially available with proven effects in supporting gut health and growth performance, but efficacy against pathogenic E. cecorum is unknown. This study compared the in vitro inhibitory potential of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of 18 Bacillus strains (14 commercial probiotic strains, 1 internal negative control and 3 type strains) on the growth of 9 clinical E. cecorum isolates. Standardized biomass cultures of live Bacillus were harvested and filtered to obtain CFSs. Inhibitory potential against E. cecorum isolates was assessed via a microdilution assay in which the final pathogen concentration was ∼ 104 CFU/mL. Absorbance (OD) was measured every 15 min for 15 h and used to calculate percentage growth inhibition at an OD equivalent to 0.4 in the positive control (PC) (pathogen but no CFS), and growth delay vs. PC. Growth kinetic responses of pathogen isolate-Bacillus strain combinations ranged from total pathogen inhibition to partial inhibition, lag in growth, no effect, or increased growth vs. PC. Percentage inhibition of individual isolates varied markedly among Bacillus strains, from 100% to -100% (growth promotion as recorded for the type strain) (B. amyloliquefaciens DSM7T). Five B. amyloliquefaciens CFSs produced higher average inhibition rates (>75%) than 2 out of 3 Bacillus licheniformis CFSs (-2.5, and -8.39% vs. PC, respectively) and 1 out of 2 Bacillus subtilis CFSs (7.3% vs. PC) (P < 0.05). Commercial strain 3AP4 exhibited the highest average percentage inhibition vs. PC (85.0% ± 7.9) and the most consistent inhibitory effect across pathogen isolates. The findings indicate that some commercially available poultry probiotic Bacillus strains are effective at inhibiting pathogenic E. cecorum in vitro, but effects are highly strain and pathogen isolate-dependent. Further work is required to confirm effects in vivo and isolate the inhibitory substances.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.