ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2018
Rapamycin: A Bacteria-Derived Immunosuppressant That Has Anti-atherosclerotic Effects and Its Clinical Application.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- uPAR-Guided Dendrimer Gel Nanoparticles Reprogram Inflammation to Stabilize Atherosclerotic Plaques.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Engineered zero-order drug release from degradable PEG hydrogels - A rapamycin case study.Journal of biomaterials applications · 2026Article
- The Mechanistic Crosstalk between Probiotics, ncRNAs, and Autophagy: Implications for Colorectal Cancer Precision Medicine.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of Cellular Senescence and SASP in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and the Therapeutic Potential of Senolytic Strategies in Cardiovascular Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Links Between the Gut Microbiome and Longevity Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound responsive phase-change nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin for targeted therapy of atherosclerotic plaques.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Immunosuppressants rewire the gut microbiome-alloimmune axis through time-dependent and tissue-specific mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Immunosuppressants Rewire the Gut Microbiome-Alloimmune Axis Through Time-Dependent and Tissue-Specific Mechanisms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Harnessing Metabolism to Combat Neurodegeneration: Strategies for Reversing Age-Related Cognitive Decline.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Calorie restriction mimetics against aging and inflammation.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Downregulation of the NF-κB protein p65 is a shared phenotype among most anti-aging interventions.GeroScience · 2025Article
- The interplay between probiotics and host autophagy: mechanisms of action and emerging insights.Autophagy · 2025Review
- The Interlinking Metabolic Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Rapamycin Alleviates Neuronal Injury and Modulates Microglial Activation After Cerebral Ischemia.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Atherosclerotic three-layer nanomatrix vascular sheets for high-throughput therapeutic evaluation.Biomaterials · 2024Article
- Sirolimus-loaded exosomes as a promising vascular delivery system for the prevention of post-angioplasty restenosis.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Sirolimus-coated balloon angioplasty in maintaining the patency of thrombosed arteriovenous graft: 1-year results of a prospective study.The journal of vascular access · 2024Article
- Immune Homeostasis Maintenance Through Advanced Immune Therapeutics to Target Atherosclerosis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Nanogels with covalently bound and releasable trehalose for autophagy stimulation in atherosclerosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Immunosuppressive Agents-Effects on the Cardiovascular System and Selected Metabolic Aspects: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of stroke and death worldwide. Although many lipid-lowering or antiplatelet medicines have been used to prevent the devastating outcomes caused by AS, the serious side effects of these medicines cannot be ignored. Moreover, these medicines are aimed at preventing end-point events rather than addressing the formation and progression of the lesion. Rapamycin (sirolimus), a fermentation product derived from soil samples, has immunosuppressive and anti-proliferation effects. It is an inhibitor of mammalian targets of rapamycin, thereby stimulating autophagy pathways. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that rapamycin possess multiple protective effects against AS through various molecular mechanisms. Moreover, it has been used successfully as an anti-proliferation agent to prevent in-stent restenosis or vascular graft stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. A thorough understanding of the biomedical regulatory mechanism of rapamycin in AS might reveal pathways for retarding AS. This review summarizes the current knowledge of biomedical mechanisms by which rapamycin retards AS through action on various cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and T-cells) in early and advanced AS and describes clinical and potential clinical applications of the agent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.