Observational studyBMC ophthalmology2019
Differential expression of connective tissue growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor in the vitreous of patients with high myopia versus vitreomacular interface disease.
Observational study in BMC ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypoxia and growth factor profiling in high myopia: linking HIF-1α suppression and PDGF-BB activation to structural degeneration.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of epiretinal membrane - review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- IMI 2021 Yearly Digest.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Review
- Comparisons of Vitreal Angiogenic, Inflammatory, Profibrotic Cytokines, and Chemokines Profile between Patients with Epiretinal Membrane and Macular Hole.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Imbalance Between Oxidative Stress and Growth Factors in Human High Myopia.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo determine the levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the vitreous of patients with high myopia, in comparison with those with a vitreomacular interface disease (VMID).
methodsPatients with either high myopia (high myopia group) or a VMID (VMID group) were included in this study. Each of the two groups were further subdivided into two subgroups: group A (high myopia with macular hole), group B (high myopia with macular retinoschisis), group C (idiopathic macular hole), and group D (idiopathic epiretinal membrane). Vitreal specimens were collected during vitrectomy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitatively measure the CTGF and HGF levels in the vitreous.
resultsThe average axial length was markedly longer in the high myopia group than in the VMID group. The vitreal CTGF level was significantly higher in the high myopia group than in the VMID group. Subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher vitreal CTGF in group A than in the other three subgroups. The vitreal HGF level was not significantly different between the high myopia and VMID groups, but was significantly higher in group D than in group C in the subgroup analysis. Correlation analysis showed that the vitreal CTGF level was positively correlated with the axial length.
conclusionsThe vitreal CTGF level is elevated in highly myopic eyes and may be related to the pathogenesis of high myopia, whereas increased expression of HGF may be involved in the development of idiopathic epiretinal membrane.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.