ArticleNature protocols2019
Generation of lung organoids from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
Article in Nature protocols, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 259 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
259 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Advancing lung organoids toward clinical applications: a global perspective on research focus and future directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Lung Organoids: Systematic Review of Recent Advancements and its Future Perspectives.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A Fully Defined GelMA-Based Matrix Allows Fine Tuning of Tissue-Relevant Biomechanical and Biochemical Cues for Organoid Culture.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Mitochondria Meet the Lung Microbiome: A Bidirectional Dialogue in Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Stage-adaptive integration of polydopamine promotes human pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar organoids differentiation and maturation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Application of human induced pluripotent stem cells for tissue modeling and therapy: are we on track?Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Review
- Extracellular matrix stiffness directs region-specific lung epithelial differentiation revealed by hPSC-derived lung organoids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Defective alveolar regeneration in emphysema: identifying dysfunctional cellular crosstalk and novel therapeutic opportunities for tissue repair.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Emerging human cell-based in vitro models for studying pituitary development and disorders.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- Preclinical human models of primary ciliary dyskinesia.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Tumor organoids as a revolutionary platform for advancing cancer nanomedicine.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Disease modelling with in vitro vascularised organoids.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Robust generation of distal respiratory airway organoids by an engineered cuboid chip.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Unlocking Alveolar Regeneration: AT2 Stem Cells, Signaling Networks, and Therapeutic Frontiers.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Current Advances and Applications of Retinal Organoids.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Next-Generation In Vitro Pulmonary Platforms for Respiratory Disease Modelling and Therapeutic Development: Current Advances and Future Prospects.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Article
- Dual AAV vectors for efficient delivery of large transgenes.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Human iPSC-derived airway models enable comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy and COPD bronchial epithelium.iScience · 2026Article
- Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
199 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The lung epithelium is derived from the endodermal germ layer, which undergoes a complex series of endoderm-mesoderm-mediated signaling events to generate the final arborized network of conducting airways (bronchi, bronchioles) and gas-exchanging units (alveoli). These stages include endoderm induction, anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral patterning, lung specification, lung budding, branching morphogenesis, and, finally, maturation. Here we describe a protocol that recapitulates several of these milestones in order to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into ventral-anterior foregut spheroids and further into two distinct types of organoids: human lung organoids and bud tip progenitor organoids. The resulting human lung organoids possess cell types and structures that resemble the bronchi/bronchioles of the developing human airway surrounded by lung mesenchyme and cells expressing alveolar-cell markers. The bud tip progenitor organoids possess a population of highly proliferative multipotent cells with in vitro multilineage differentiation potential and in vivo engraftment potential. Human lung organoids can be generated from hPSCs in 50-85 d, and bud tip progenitor organoids can be generated in 22 d. The two hPSC-derived models presented here have been benchmarked with human fetal tissue and found to be representative of human fetal-like tissue. The bud tip progenitor organoids are thus ideal for exploring epithelial fate decisions, while the human lung organoids can be used to model epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk during human lung development. In addition to their applications in developmental biology, human lung organoids and bud tip progenitor organoids may be implemented in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical safety and efficacy testing.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.