Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30663868›Full record

ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2019

Male and female anatomical homologies in the perineum of the dog (Canis familiaris).

Margaret I Hall, Jeffrey H Plochocki, José R Rodriguez-Sosa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Margaret I HallDepartment of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA.
Jeffrey H PlochockiDepartment of Medical Education, University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA.
José R Rodriguez-SosaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4364-4258

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the homologies between male and female perineal structure helps both evolutionary biologists and clinicians better understand the evolution and anatomy of canines. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) play an important role in human society, and canine perineal anatomy is important for maintaining dogs' reproductive health for successful breeding and a wide variety of pathologies. Here, we investigate homologies between male and female perineal structure, identifying structures based on common function, anatomical relationships and attachments. In this investigation we dissected 21 male and female large-breed dogs. We find broad structural homologies between male and female dogs related to erection, micturition and defecation, including muscles, fasciae and erectile tissue. Using these homologies will help anatomists and clinicians interpret the anatomical organization of the perineum, a notoriously difficult area of anatomy.

Indexed as

AnimalsDogsFemaleGenitalia, FemaleGenitalia, MaleMalePerineumclitoriserectile tissueexternal anal sphincterpenisperineum

Identifiers

PMID30663868
PMCPMC6376168

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.