ArticleStroke2019
Spot Urine Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Is a Predictor of Stroke.
Article in Stroke, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium and Potassium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in Older People: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- A self-monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Trial
- Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with outcomes of neuroendocrine cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The association between the sodium-potassium ratio and ICU mortality in cardiac arrest patients: an analysis of the eICU database.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Trends in Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratios in Koreans: Analysis of KNHANES 2016-2023 Data.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Sodium Sources and Sodium Reduction Behaviors Among US Adults: NHANES 2017 to 2020 Prepandemic.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio in Korea.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Association between urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, elevated blood pressure phenotypes and microalbuminuria: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between sodium-to-potassium ratio in spot urine and hospitalization due to heart failure in high-risk Japanese patients.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2024Article
- Dietary sodium to potassium ratio is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events: a longitudinal follow-up study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Pan-cerebral sodium elevations in vascular dementia: Evidence for disturbed brain-sodium homeostasis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Contrasting Sodium and Potassium Perturbations in the Hippocampus Indicate Potential NaFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Association between the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2021Article
- Core Strategies to Increase the Uptake and Use of Potassium-Enriched Low-Sodium Salt.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Urinary sodium potassium ratio is associated with clinical success after adrenalectomy in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2021Article
- Estimation of Sodium and Potassium Intake: Current Limitations and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and body mass index in relation to high blood pressure in a national health survey in Chile.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
- Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Their Ratio in Adults (18-90 y): Findings from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Moving the Needle on Hypertension: What Knowledge Is Needed?Nutrition todayArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Dietary sodium reduction with concurrent increase in potassium intake is a current public health priority to reduce risk of cardiovascular events. This study explored associations between the spot urine sodium-to-potassium ratio and cardiovascular events in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) longitudinal cohort. Methods- The MESA is a prospective cohort study of 6814 adults from 4 ethnic groups (European-, Asian-, African- and Hispanic-American) with a mean age of 62 (±10.2) years and an average of 11.7 (±2.2) years of follow-up. Participants were free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Spot urine sodium and potassium excretion, as a marker of dietary intake, was collected at baseline. The impact of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio on adjudicated cardiovascular events was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results- Only 39% of MESA participants had a urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio ≤1, and these participants experienced only 74 of the 236 strokes. A sodium-to-potassium ratio >1 was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.47 (95% CI,1.07-2.00) for risk of stroke, adjusting for age, sex, race, cardiovascular risk factors, socio-demographic characteristics, body size, and kidney function. Conclusions- The spot urine sodium-to-potassium ratio (measurable in routine care) is associated with stroke. A urine sodium-to-potassium ratio of ≤1, may be related to a clinically relevant reduction in stroke risk and is a feasible target for health interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.