ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2019
Demonstrating Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects Among Patients: An Overlooked but Important Step Toward Precision Medicine.
Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- The ACTTION Guide to Clinical Trials of Pain Treatments, part II: mitigating bias, maximizing value.Pain reportsTrial
- Type 2 diabetes subtypes for precision medicine: methodological challenges and alternative prediction-based approaches.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- A multilevel hierarchical framework for quantification of experimental heterogeneity in population snapshot data.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- OPTIMIS: Optimizing Personalized Therapies through Integrated Multiscale Intelligent Simulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exploring Pain Phenotyping in Cervicogenic Headache Management.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptomes Reveal Exhausted Signature in Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Genes · 2025Article
- Diabetes and obesity: leveraging heterogeneity for precision medicine.European heart journal · 2024Review
- Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Acute Coronary Syndromes: Novel Advancements and Future Directions.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Potential interplay between tumor size and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in breast cancer prognosis: a prospective cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Density physics-informed neural networks reveal sources of cell heterogeneity in signal transduction.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- SOMAScience: A Novel Platform for Multidimensional, Longitudinal Pain Assessment.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
- Design, analysis, and interpretation of treatment response heterogeneity in personalized nutrition and obesity treatment research.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2023 · on this mapReview
- Extending the 'host response' paradigm from sepsis to cardiogenic shock: evidence, limitations and opportunities.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Review
- Causal models and causal modelling in obesity: foundations, methods and evidence.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Optimizing and Accelerating the Development of Precision Pain Treatments for Chronic Pain: IMMPACT Review and Recommendations.The journal of pain · 2023Review
- Predicting Sensitivity to Adverse Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Morbidity and Mortality.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Systematic inference identifies a major source of heterogeneity in cell signaling dynamics: The rate-limiting step number.Science advances · 2022Article
- Machine learning for tumor growth inhibition: Interpretable predictive models for transparency and reproducibility.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although heterogeneity in the observed outcomes in clinical trials is often assumed to reflect a true heterogeneous response, it could actually be due to random variability. This retrospective analysis of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multiperiod (i.e., episode) crossover trials of fentanyl for breakthrough cancer pain illustrates the use of multiperiod crossover trials to examine heterogeneity of treatment response. A mixed-effects model, including fixed effects for treatment and episode and random effects for patient and treatment-by-patient interaction, was used to assess the heterogeneity in patients' responses to treatment during each episode. A significant treatment-by-patient interaction was found for three of four trials (P < 0.05), suggesting heterogeneity of the effect of fentanyl among different patients in each trial. Similar analyses in other therapeutic areas could identify conditions and therapies that should be investigated further for predictors of treatment response in efforts to maximize the efficiency of developing precision medicine strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.