ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2019
Tic disorders revisited: introduction of the term "tic spectrum disorders".
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of 9619 Cases With Tic Disorders.Biological psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Premonitory urge in tic disorders - a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Biomarkers for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Umbrella Review of the Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits as predictors of tic phenomenology in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Contemporary Perspectives on Neurobiology and Treatment of Tic Disorders: A Narrative Review.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sleep Disorders in Patients with Tics: Towards Personalized Care for Tourette Syndrome.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- From prediction to action: developing a risk-stratified management tool for children with new-onset tic disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comorbidity burden and treatment patterns in Tourette syndrome and persistent motor or vocal tic disorder.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Tic disorders and allergic diseases: mechanistic links and the impact of allergy management - a narrative review.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Challenging current diagnostic and classification criteria for primary tic disorders.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Oligogenic risk score for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome reveals a genetic continuum of tic disorders.Journal of applied genetics · 2025Article
- [Update on tic disorders and Tourette syndrome].Der Nervenarzt · 2025Review
- Frequency of body focused repetitive behaviors and comparison to self-injurious behaviors in patients with tic disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coprophenomena Associated With Worse Individual and Family Function for Youth With Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Comprehensive Management of Tourette Syndrome: Insights from Genetics and Pathophysiology: A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- The volatile oil ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Coping with pain among adults with chronic tic disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Anxiety Symptoms and Age-Related Differences in Tic Severity.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric comorbidities and associated factors in 182 Chinese children with tic disorders.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the DSM-5 chronic motor tic disorder (CMTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are distinct diagnostic categories, there is no genetic or phenotypic evidence that supports this diagnostic categorization. The aim of this study was to compare patients with both diagnoses along a number of clinical characteristics to provide further diagnostic clarity. Our sample consisted of 1018 patients (including adult and child patients) suffering from chronic tic disorders. Tic severity was assessed via Shapiro Tourette-Syndrome Severity Scale (STSS). Lifetime prevalence of other comorbid conditions was assessed in a semi-structured clinical interview. The data were gained through retrospective chart analysis. The two groups did not differ significantly in any of the clinical or demographic variables. Patients only differed in tic severity, with CMTD patients (n = 40) having lower mean tic severity (STSS = 2.0 vs. 2.8; p < 0.001), prevalence of complex motor tics (27.5% vs. 55.9%; p < 0.01), copropraxia (0% vs. 16.2%; p < 0.01) and echopraxia (10.0% vs. 23.8%; p < 0.05), and a markedly lower comorbidity score (1.9 vs. 2.7; p < 0.001) as compared to TS patients (n = 978). Our results suggest that both disorders exist along a symptom severity continuum of which TS constitutes a more severe and CMTD a less severe form. We therefore suggest the introduction of the term "tic spectrum disorders", instead of using different diagnostic categories.
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