ArticleReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2019
Sanitary pads and diapers contain higher phthalate contents than those in common commercial plastic products.
Article in Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plastic Additives in Single-Use and Reusable Menstrual Products: Potential Implications for Human Health and the Environment.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Requirements for Alternative In Vitro and In Silico Skin Models of Irritant and Allergic Contact Dermatitis.Contact dermatitis · 2025Review
- Estimation of Dermal Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Feminine Hygiene Products: Integrating Measurement Data and Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic (PBTK) Model.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Infants' Dermal Exposure to Phthalates from Disposable Baby Diapers and Its Association with DNA Oxidative Damage.Toxics · 2025Article
- Synergistic antimicrobial nanofiber membranes based on metal incorporated silica nanoparticles as advanced antimicrobial layers.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Menstrual products: culprits or bystanders in endometriosis and adenomyosis pathogenesis?Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- Exposure to Plasticiser DEHP Affects Eggs Spawned by Blue Mussels: A Possible Risk to Fertilisation?Toxics · 2024Article
- Volatile Organic Compounds in Disposable Diapers and Baby Wipes in the US: A Survey of Products and Health Risks.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Examining differences in menstrual and intimate care product use by race/ethnicity and education among menstruating individuals.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender.Exposome · 2023Review
- Experiences, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of women and girls towards menstrual hygiene management and safe menstrual products in Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Association between environmental pollutants and the FSH/AMH ratio as a marker of ovarian reserve.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2022Article
- Menstrual Products as a Source of Environmental Chemical Exposure: A Review from the Epidemiologic Perspective.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Transient Post-Natal Exposure to Xenoestrogens Induces Long-Term Alterations in Cardiac Calcium Signaling.Toxics · 2022Article
- Feminine Hygiene Products and Volatile Organic Compounds in Reproductive-Aged Women Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Longitudinal Pilot Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Article
- Multicriteria Decision Analysis and Grouping of Analytical Procedures for Phthalates Determination in Disposable Baby Diapers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Volatile organic compounds in feminine hygiene products sold in the US market: A survey of products and health risks.Environment international · 2020Article
- Piloting an acceptable and feasible menstrual hygiene products disposal system in urban and rural schools in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Biomaterials and Contraception: Promises and Pitfalls.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2020Review
- Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Use of Feminine Hygiene Products Among Reproductive-Aged Women in the United States.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sanitary pads and diapers are made of synthetic plastic materials that can potentially be released while being used. This study measured the amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (methylene chloride, toluene, and xylene) and phthalates (DBP, DEHP, DEP, and BBP) contained in sanitary pads and diapers. In sanitary pads, 5,900- and 130-fold differences of VOC and phthalate concentrations were seen among the brands. In the diapers, 3- and 63-fold differences of VOC and phthalate concentrations were detected among the brands. VOC concentrations from the sanitary pads and diapers were similar to that of the residential air. However, phthalate concentrations of sanitary pads and diapers were significantly higher than those found in common commercial plastic products. As sanitary pads and diapers are in direct contact with external genitalia for an extended period, there is a probability that a considerable amount of VOCs or phthalates could be absorbed into the reproductive system.
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Registered trials
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