Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30659515›Full record

ArticleCognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience2019

Task context load induces reactive cognitive control: An fMRI study on cortical and brain stem activity.

Veronica Mäki-Marttunen, Thomas Hagen, Thomas Espeseth

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Prefrontal and Cerebellar Contributions to Semantic Memory Retrieval.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  11. The influence of context representations on cognitive control states.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Toward a formal theory of proactivity.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2021
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Veronica Mäki-MarttunenDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postbox 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway. makimarttunen.veronica@gmail.com.
Thomas HagenDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postbox 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
Thomas EspesethDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postbox 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive control is a highly dynamic process that relies on flexible engagement of prefrontal areas and of neuromodulatory systems in order to adapt to changing demands. A range of internal and external factors come into play when individuals engage in a task requiring cognitive control. Here we investigated whether increased working memory (WM) demands would induce a flexible change in cognitive control mode in young healthy individuals. We developed a novel variant of the well-known AX-continuous performance task (AX-CPT). We manipulated the cognitive demands of maintaining task-relevant contextual information and studied the impact of this manipulation on behavior and brain activity. We expected that low WM load would allow for a more effortful, proactive strategy, while high WM load would induce a strategy of less effortful, stimulus-driven reactive control. In line with our hypothesis, a web-based experiment revealed that increased load was associated with more reactive behavioral responses, and this finding was independently replicated in behavioral data acquired in the MRI scanner. The results from brain activity showed that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was activated by cues in the proactive mode and by probes in the reactive mode. The analysis of task-induced brain stem activity indicated that both the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems are involved in updating context representations, and that, respectively, these systems mediate a gating signal to the control network and are involved in the dynamic regulation of task engagement.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBrain StemExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMemory, Short-TermMiddle AgedNerve NetNeuropsychological TestsPrefrontal CortexPsychomotor PerformanceYoung AdultAttentionAX–continuous performance taskCognitive controlfMRILocus coeruleusVentral tegmental area/substantia nigra

Identifiers

PMID30659515
PMCPMC6711881

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.