Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30659500›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2019

Impact of Ad Libitum Versus Programmed Drinking on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Eric D B Goulet, Martin D Hoffman

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Eric D B GouletPerformance, Hydration and Thermoregulation Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada. eric.goulet@usherbrooke.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-9977
Martin D HoffmanPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-5989
Sport Foundation · USUniversité de Sherbrooke · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDebate continues on how athletes should hydrate during exercise. Several studies have recently been published comparing the effect of ad libitum (ALD) and programmed drinking (PD) on endurance performance (EP).

objectiveThis work examined whether one drinking strategy offers an EP advantage over the other.

designSystematic review and meta-analysis of crossover controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and SPORTDiscus database searches. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Key criteria were (1) experiments performed under controlled settings; (2) exercise lasting ≥ 1 h; (3) exercise initiated in an euhydrated state; (4) fluid intake during PD > ALD; (5) fluid composition matched for electrolytes; and (6) carbohydrate intake varied by > 25% between conditions when the exercise was 1 h and matched for exercise > 1 h.

resultsSeven publications, producing eight effect estimates, including cycling and running exercises and representing 82 subjects, were included. Mean (± standard deviation) ambient temperature, exercise intensity and duration of the experiments were 28 ± 6 °C, 81 ± 12% of maximal heart rate and 96 ± 25 min, respectively. Mean rate of fluid consumption for the PD and ALD conditions was 1073 ± 247 mL/h and 505 ± 156 mL/h, respectively. Mean change in body mass for the PD and ALD conditions was - 1.0 ± 0.5% and - 2.1 ± 0.7%, respectively. Compared with PD, ALD improved EP by 0.98 ± 0.44% (95% confidence interval 0.11-1.84%). The greater EP conferred by ALD is likely trivial.

conclusionsDespite ALD being associated with an hourly rate of fluid consumption half as much as PD, and resulting in a dehydration level considered sufficient to impair EP, both strategies were found to similarly impact 1-2 h cycling or running performances conducted at moderate to high intensity and under temperate to warm ambient conditions.

Indexed as

DrinkingExercisePhysical EnduranceAthletesAthletic PerformanceControlled Clinical Trials as TopicHumans

Identifiers

PMID30659500
OpenAlexW2910671668

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.