ArticleMaternal and child health journal2019
Predictors of Steroid Hormone Concentrations in Early Pregnancy: Results from a Multi-Center Cohort.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Host Response Mechanisms to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection in Pigs.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
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- Association between digit ratio (2D:4D) and right-left difference in 2D:4D ratio with breast cancer risk: multicentre case-control study from India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mapping of Determinants of Urinary Sex Steroid Metabolites During Late Pregnancy: Results from Two Spanish Cohorts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Estrogen Metabolism Pathways in Pregnancy and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Follow-up Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Effects of resveratrol on inflammatory and hormonal disorders induced by Helicobacter pylori OMVs in pregnant mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Testosterone mediates life-history trade-offs in female mammals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Gestational exposure to PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood in the UPSIDE pregnancy cohort.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Association between Salivary Hormones, Dental Caries, and Cariogenic Microorganisms during Pregnancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The role of prenatal maternal sex steroid hormones in weight and adiposity at birth and growth trajectories during infancy.Research square · 2024Article
- Estradiol and progesterone from pregnancy to postpartum: a longitudinal latent class analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- The pathophysiological role of estrogens in the initial stages of pregnancy: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for pregnancy outcome from the periconceptional period to end of the first trimester.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
- Associations between neighborhood stress and maternal sex steroid hormones in pregnancy.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Association between sex steroid hormones and subsequent hyperglycemia during pregnancy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Advanced Maternal Age Impairs Uterine Artery Adaptations to Pregnancy in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Rodent models in placental research. Implications for fetal origins of adult disease.Animal reproduction · 2022Article
- Digit ratio, a proposed marker of the prenatal hormone environment, is not associated with prenatal sex steroids, anogenital distance, or gender-typed play behavior in preschool age children.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives To identify factors predicting maternal sex steroid hormone concentrations in early pregnancy. Methods The Infant Development and the Environment Study recruited healthy pregnant women from academic medical centers in four US cities. Gold standard liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure maternal sex steroids concentrations (total testosterone [TT], free testosterone [FT], estrone [E1], estradiol [E2], and estriol [E3] concentrations) in serum samples from 548 women carrying singletons (median = 11.7 weeks gestation). Women completed questionnaires on demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Results In multivariable linear regression analyses, hormone concentrations varied in relation to maternal age, body mass index (BMI), race, and parity. Older mothers had significantly lower levels of most hormones; for every year increase in maternal age, there was a 1-2% decrease in E1, E2, TT, and FT. By contrast, each unit increase in maternal BMI was associated 1-2% lower estrogen (E1, E2, E3) levels, but 1-2% higher androgen (TT, FT) concentrations. Hormone concentrations were 4-18% lower among parous women, and for each year elapsed since last birth, TT and FT were 1-2% higher (no difference in estrogens). Androgen concentrations were 18-30% higher among Black women compared to women of other races. Fetal sex, maternal stress, and lifestyle factors (including alcohol and tobacco use) were not related to maternal steroid concentrations. Conclusions for Practice Maternal demographic factors predict sex steroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy, which is important given increasing evidence that the prenatal endocrine environment shapes future risk of chronic disease for both mother and offspring.
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