SynthesisAIDS and behavior2019
Associations Between Anxiety and Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in AIDS and behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between anxiety disorders and medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Nonadherence to Treatment in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19-Related Disruptions on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Young Adults Living with HIV in Southern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Disclosure Events and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Young South African Adults Living with HIV.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Effect of the Friendship Bench Intervention on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes and Mental Health Symptoms in Rural Zimbabwe: A Cluster Randomized Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Effects of Two Alcohol Reduction Interventions on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms of ART Clients in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- The longitudinal association between depression, anxiety symptoms and HIV outcomes, and the modifying effect of alcohol dependence among ART clients with hazardous alcohol use in Vietnam.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Factors Associated with ART Adherence and Sustained Viral Suppression Among US Young Adults with HIV, 2015-2022.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Culturally Tailored Materials for Smoking Cessation and HIV Care Adherence Among Hispanic Adults: Protocol for Content Development and Formative Evaluation.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Clinic-Level Intervention to Increase Anxiety and Depression Screening in an Urban HIV Clinic.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Acceptance of Men Living With HIV Toward Treatment-Supportive Mobile Apps Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with mental distress among men at higher risk of HIV infection enrolled in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis program in Tanga, Tanzania.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional survey investigating the burden of, and psychosocial factors related to, psychological distress among people living with HIV in central Tanzania.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Cognitive interviewing of the PHQ-A for depression screening among adolescents living with and without HIV in Malawi.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Exploring the Link between Mental Health and Treatment Adherence in People Living with HIV: A Structured Questionnaire-Based Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Depression and anxiety among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: prevalence and correlates at the National Sexually Transmitted Diseases/AIDS programme, in Sri Lanka.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders as a mediator between common mental disorders and antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in Tanzania.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Patterns in Mental Health Symptoms, Substance Use, and Viral Suppression in People with HIV: A Clustering Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Life-years lost associated with mental disorders in people with HIV: a cohort study in South Africa, Canada and the United States.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Predictors of unsuppressed viral load among MSM with HIV in South Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Untreated mental health disorders among people living with HIV (PLHIV) may prevent low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Anxiety disorders may be associated with decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We sought to review and meta-analyze studies estimating associations between anxiety and ART adherence in LMICs. We searched PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE for relevant studies published before July 18, 2018. We defined anxiety as reported anxiety scores from screening questionnaires or having a clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, and poor ART adherence as missed doses, poor visit attendance, or scores from structured adherence questionnaires. We used a random effects model to conduct a meta-analysis for calculating a pooled odds ratio, and conducted sensitivity analyses by time on ART, anxiety evaluation method, and study region. From 472 screened manuscripts, thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. PLHIV who reported anxiety had 59% higher odds of poor ART adherence compared with those who did not report anxiety disorder (pooled odds ratio [pOR]: 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.96, p < 0.001). When excluding PLHIV who initiated ART within 6 months, reported anxiety remained strongly associated with poor ART adherence (pOR: 1.61, 95% CI 1.18-2.20, p = 0.003). Among PLHIV in LMICs, reported anxiety was associated with poor ART adherence. This association persisted after the ART initiation period. Increased resources for mental health may be important for achieving virologic suppression in LMICs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.