ArticleMalaria journal2019
The impact of early life exposure to Plasmodium falciparum on the development of naturally acquired immunity to malaria in young Malawian children.
Article in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01239693 (A Research Plan for a Randomised, Single-blind, Parallel Group Controlled Trial in Rural Malawi, Testing the Health Effects of Supplementing Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation and Infant Diet From 6 to 18 Months of Age With High-energy, Micronutrient Fortified Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Research Plan for a Randomised, Single-blind, Parallel Group Controlled Trial in Rural Malawi, Testing the Health Effects of Supplementing Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation and Infant Diet From 6 to 18 Months of Age With High-energy, Micronutrient Fortified Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS)
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Community-Based Child Food Interventions/Supplements for the Prevention of Wasting in Children Up to 5 Years at Risk of Wasting and Nutritional Oedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Malaria and Helminthic Co-Infection during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Spatial and temporal description of antimalarial drug resistance markers in Ghana using targeted amplicon deep sequencing.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Uncovering silent malaria reservoirs in Southern Ethiopia: community-based molecular detection of asymptomatic and sub-microscopic infections and their implications for diagnosis and control.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- IgG and IgM responses to PfEMP1 domains associated with semi-immunity to clinical malaria in Burkinabe children under five.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mapping of the country-wide prevalence of non-malarial febrile illnesses in areas with varying malaria transmission intensities in Mainland Tanzania.Gates open research · 2026Article
- Clinical malaria in three ecological zones in the Volta and Oti Regions of Ghana.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Reconsidering rebound malaria: Zanzibari voices on acquired immunity, risk, and history.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Increased Plasmodium falciparum EBA175RIII-V antibody titres despite a 13-month malaria mass testing, treatment, and tracking intervention in a high malaria endemic community in Ghana.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Temporal and spatial trends of the prevalence of infections caused by Plasmodium parasites among rural community members in three regions with varying transmission intensities in Mainland Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Impact of age, HIV1, sickle-cell genotypes, and interferon-gamma gene upstream variants on malaria disease outcomes in a longitudinal pediatric cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and drivers of malaria infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic community members in five regions with varying transmission intensity in mainland Tanzania.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Plasmodium Falciparum and mosquito vector IgG patterns across suspected malaria cases in Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Therapeutic efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine combination therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria at Teda Health Centre, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022/23.Malaria journal · 2024Observational
- The intersection of hostMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Mathematical models of Plasmodium vivax transmission: A scoping review.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- The impact of home-based management of malaria on clinical outcomes in sub-Saharan African populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Naturally acquired IgG responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntibodies targeting malaria blood-stage antigens are important targets of naturally acquired immunity, and may act as valuable biomarkers of malaria exposure.
methodsSix-hundred and one young Malawian children from a randomized trial of prenatal nutrient supplementation with iron and folic acid or pre- and postnatal multiple micronutrients or lipid-based nutrient supplements were followed up weekly at home and febrile episodes were investigated for malaria from birth to 18 months of age. Antibodies were measured for 601 children against merozoite surface proteins (MSP1 19kD, MSP2), erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA175), reticulocyte binding protein homologue 2 (Rh2A9), schizont extract and variant surface antigens expressed by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) at 18 months of age. The antibody measurement data was related to concurrent malaria infection and to documented episodes of clinical malaria.
resultsAt 18 months of age, antibodies were significantly higher among parasitaemic than aparasitaemic children. Antibody levels against MSP1 19kD, MSP2, schizont extract, and IE variant surface antigens were significantly higher in children who had documented episodes of malaria than in children who did not. Antibody levels did not differ between children with single or multiple malaria episodes before 18 months, nor between children who had malaria before 6 months of age or between 6 and 18 months.
conclusionsAntibodies to merozoite and IE surface antigens increased following infection in early childhood, but neither age at first infection nor number of malaria episodes substantially affected antibody acquisition. These findings have implications for malaria surveillance during early childhood in the context of elimination. Trials registration Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01239693 (Date of registration: 11-10-2010). URL: http://www.ilins.org.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.