ReviewToxins2019
Toxin Neutralization Using Alternative Binding Proteins.
Review in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conserved Enzymatic Peptides inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Nanobodies in biomedicine: from molecular characteristics to fabrication and clinical translation.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Article
- In vivo neutralization of coral snake venoms with an oligoclonal nanobody mixture in a murine challenge model.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Tissue damaging toxins in snake venoms: mechanisms of action, pathophysiology and treatment strategies.Communications biology · 2024Review
- Considerations for the development of a field-based medical device for the administration of adjunctive therapies for snakebite envenoming.Toxicon: X · 2023Article
- ADDovenom: Thermostable Protein-Based ADDomer Nanoparticles as New Therapeutics for Snakebite Envenoming.Toxins · 2023Article
- Towards better antivenoms: navigating the road to new types of snakebite envenoming therapies.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Molecularly Imprinted Ligand-Free Nanogels for Recognizing Bee Venom-Originated Phospholipase A2 Enzyme.Polymers · 2022Article
- Article
- Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Clinical management of snakebite envenoming: Future perspectives.Toxicon: X · 2021Article
- Small Molecule Receptor Binding Inhibitors with In Vivo Efficacy against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotypes A and E.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Old World Vipers-A Review about Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations.Toxins · 2021Review
- Current and future advances in fluorescence-based visualization of plant cell wall components and cell wall biosynthetic machineries.Biotechnology for biofuels · 2021Review
- Strategies for Heterologous Expression, Synthesis, and Purification of Animal Venom Toxins.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Recombinant antibodies against Iranian cobra venom as a new emerging therapy by phage display technology.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2020Article
- An interactive database for the investigation of high-density peptide microarray guided interaction patterns and antivenom cross-reactivity.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of Aptamers in Envenomation Cases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animal toxins present a major threat to human health worldwide, predominantly through snakebite envenomings, which are responsible for over 100,000 deaths each year. To date, the only available treatment against snakebite envenoming is plasma-derived antivenom. However, despite being key to limiting morbidity and mortality among snakebite victims, current antivenoms suffer from several drawbacks, such as immunogenicity and high cost of production. Consequently, avenues for improving envenoming therapy, such as the discovery of toxin-sequestering monoclonal antibodies against medically important target toxins through phage display selection, are being explored. However, alternative binding protein scaffolds that exhibit certain advantages compared to the well-known immunoglobulin G scaffold, including high stability under harsh conditions and low cost of production, may pose as possible low-cost alternatives to antibody-based therapeutics. There is now a plethora of alternative binding protein scaffolds, ranging from antibody derivatives (e.g., nanobodies), through rationally designed derivatives of other human proteins (e.g., DARPins), to derivatives of non-human proteins (e.g., affibodies), all exhibiting different biochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles. Undeniably, the high level of engineerability and potentially low cost of production, associated with many alternative protein scaffolds, present an exciting possibility for the future of snakebite therapeutics and merit thorough investigation. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the different types of binding protein scaffolds is provided together with a discussion on their relevance as potential modalities for use as next-generation antivenoms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.