Observational studyToxins2019
Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Lingual Dystonia Using an Individualized Injection Method Based on Clinical Features.
Observational study in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment with OnabotulinumtoxinA for Oromandibular Dystonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Toxins · 2024Pooled it
- The Spectrum of Abnormal Tongue Movements: Review of Phenomenology, Etiology, and Differential Diagnosis.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Quantification of Loudness Instability in Tone Production in Embouchure Dystonia.Journal of movement disorders · 2026Article
- The Effective Way of Botulinum Toxin Injection to Reduce Bite Force: Preliminary Study.Toxins · 2025Article
- The Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Tardive Dyskinesia: A Case Series.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Oromandibular Dystonia: Clinical and Demographic Data from Eight-Two Patients.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Review
- Validation of Muscle Fiber Architecture of the Human Tongue Revealed by Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Histology Verification.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2022Article
- Article
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Oromandibular Dystonia and Other Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System.Toxins · 2022Review
- Patient selection and injection techniques for botulinum neurotoxin in oromandibular dystonia.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2022Review
- Prevalence and incidence of oromandibular dystonia: an oral and maxillofacial surgery service-based study.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
- Article
- Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update.Toxins · 2021Review
- Oromandibular Dystonia: A Clinical Examination of 2,020 Cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Review
- Clinical Characteristics of Functional Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Development and Validation of a Disease-Specific Oromandibular Dystonia Rating Scale (OMDRS).Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Childhood-Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3: Tongue Dystonia as an Early Manifestation.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lingual dystonia is a debilitating type of oromandibular dystonia characterized by involuntary, often task-specific, contractions of the tongue muscle activated by speaking or eating. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used to treat lingual dystonia; however, it is known to cause serious complications, such as dysphagia and aspiration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of individualized BoNT therapy for lingual dystonia. One-hundred-and-seventy-two patients (102 females and 70 males, mean age: 46.2 years) with lingual dystonia were classified into four subtypes based on symptoms of involuntary tongue movements: protrusion (68.6%), retraction (16.9%), curling (7.6%), and laterotrusion (7.0%). Patients were treated with BoNT injection into the genioglossus and/or intrinsic muscles via individualized submandibular and/or intraoral routes. Results were compared before and after BoNT therapy. Botulinum neurotoxin was injected in 136 patients (mean: 4.8 injections). Clinical sub-scores (mastication, speech, pain, and discomfort) in a disease-specific rating scale were reduced significantly (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.