SynthesisPloS one2019
Effect of evidence-based therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-surgical interventions for preventing contralateral tissue loss and amputation in dysvascular patients with a primary major lower limb amputation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Digital technology-enabled healthcare services and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European heart journal open · 2026Review
- Analysis of Medication-Related Burden and Associated Factors Among Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Assessing LDL-C Levels and Lipid-Modifying Therapies in a Real-World Cohort of Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The REALITY Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Low Attainment of Treatment Targets for Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Indonesian Adults With Established Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- The impact of meteorological conditions on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in different microclimatic zones of low-latitude mountainous areas.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The Prevalence and Impact of Evidence-Based Medications on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Post-Revascularization in Oman.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Generating Practice-Based Evidence in the Use of Guideline-Recommended Combination Therapy for Secondary Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Age-Related Variation in the Provision of Primary Care Services and Medication Prescriptions for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- COVID-lateral damage: cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Treatment patterns and use of healthcare resources of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hypercholesterolemia and patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain: Protocol of the Reality study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- A phenomenological analysis of the experience of taking medication to prevent a further heart attack.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Gender disparity in the prescription of secondary prevention medications in a Malaysian primary care clinic.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2021Article
- Fragility fracture identifies patients at imminent risk for subsequent fracture: real-world retrospective database study in Ontario, Canada.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Observational
- Predictors and Outcomes of Secondary Prevention Medication in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Global heart · 2021Article
- Use of Cardiovascular Drugs for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Rural-Dwelling Older Chinese Adults.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe combination pharmacotherapy of antiplatelet agents, lipid-modifiers, ACE inhibitors/ARBs and beta-blockers are recommended by international guidelines. However, data on effectiveness of the evidence-based combination pharmacotherapy (EBCP) is limited.
objectivesTo determine the effect of EBCP on mortality and Cardiovascular events in patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) or cerebrovascular disease.
methodsPublications in EMBASE and Medline up to October 2018 were searched for cohort and case-control studies on EBCP for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The main outcomes were all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events. Meta-analyses were performed based on random effects models.
results21 studies were included. Comparing EBCP to either monotherapy or no therapy, the pooled risk ratios were 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.66) for all-cause mortality, 0.70 (0.62 to 0.79) for vascular mortality, 0.73 (0.64 to 0.83) for myocardial infarction and 0.79 (0.68 to 0.91) for cerebrovascular events. Optimal EBCP (all 4 classes of drug prescribed) had a risk ratio for all-cause mortality of 0.50 (0.40 to 0.64). This benefit became more dilute as the number of different classes of drug comprising EBCP was decreased-for 3 classes of drug prescribed the risk ratio was 0.58 (0.49 to 0.69) and for 2 classes, the risk ratio was 0.67 (0.60 to 0.76).
conclusionsEBCP reduces the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with CHD or cerebrovascular disease. The different classes of drugs comprising EBCP work in an additive manner, with optimal EBCP conferring the greatest benefit.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.