ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2019
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor 2 (Anti-NR2) Antibody in Neuropsychiatric Lupus Serum Damages the Blood-Brain Barrier and Enters the Brain.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in NR2ab Antibody Levels in the Blood of Patients Depending on their Condition: Acute or Chronic Cerebral Ischaemia.Acta medica Lituanica · 2026Article
- Progress in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- The management of neuropsychiatric lupus in the 21st century: still so many unmet needs?Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2020Review
- Cerebral microvascular and microstructural integrity is regionally altered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2020Article
- Advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain microvessel endothelial cells constitute an important component in the blood-brain barrier. Cell-culture-based models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been extensively applied in pharmacology, pathology and physiology. This study investigated effects of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2 (anti-NR2), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antibodies, NMDA receptor antagonists, and NMDA receptor agonists on brain microvessel endothelial cell models, and verified the effect of anti-NR2 antibody on the BBB as a receptor agonist. MATERIAL AND METHODS The primary brain microvessel endothelial cells were isolated and cultured, and an in vitro BBB model was established based on microvessel endothelial cells. Anti-NR2 antibody, glutamic acid, ifenprodil, and memantine were added in the BBB model to analyze changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and to examine the permeability of the brain microvessel endothelial cell model. RESULTS The results showed that TEER values were significantly decreased by the addition of anti-NR2 antibody and glutamate, but were significantly increased by the addition of ifenprodil and memantine. TEER values showed no changes when treated by anti-NR2 antibody and ifenprodil, as well as anti-NR2 antibody and memantine. When dexamethasone was added, the TEER values increased by 23.8%, 39.4%, and 29.6% by treating with anti-NR2 antibody, positive cerebrospinal fluid, and positive serum, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that anti-NR2 antibody in neuropsychiatric lupus serum can damage the BBB and enter the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.