ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2019
Catastrophic long-term care expenditure: associated socio-demographic and economic factors.
Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.8.2 and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures in Malaysia.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Determinants of catastrophic healthcare spending in Portugal (2005-2022).Health policy OPEN · 2026Article
- A preliminary study of a lifetime long-term care costs estimation model based on changes in care level: implications for sustainable long-term care in Japan.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Can long-term care insurance reduce catastrophic health and long-term care expenditures among older adults? A quasi-experimental study in China.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- Increase of catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures in Mexico associated to policy changes and the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- The Impact of Long-Term Care Needs on the Socioeconomic Deprivation of Older People and Their Families: Results from Mixed-Methods Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Financial social protection and individual out-of-pocket costs of long-term care in the USA and Europe: An observational study.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Does disability increase households' health financial risk: evidence from the Uganda demographic and health survey.Global health research and policy · 2022Article
- Main Factors Determining the Economic Production Sustained by Public Long-Term Care Spending in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Catastrophic Household Expenditure Associated with Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Payments in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The reverse mortgage: a tool for funding long-term care and increasing public housing supply in Spain.Journal of housing and the built environment : HBE · 2021Article
- The Economic Impact and Health-Related Quality of Life of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. An Analysis across Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Will the Economic Recession Inhibit the Out-of-Pocket Payment Willingness for Health Care?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Explaining Socioeconomic Inequality Differences in Catastrophic Health Expenditure Between Urban and Rural Areas of Iran After Health Transformation Plan Implementation.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2020Article
- Evolution of catastrophic health expenditure in a high income country: incidence versus inequalities.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAn increasing number of persons across the world require long-term care (LTC). In Spain, access to LTC involves individuals incurring out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure. There is a large body of literature on the incidence of catastrophic OOP payments in access and participation in health systems, but not in the field of LTC nor the determinants of these expenses. Our aim was to analyse the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with different levels of catastrophic LTC expenditure in the form of private out-of-pocket payments among dependent persons in Spain. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study used the Spanish Disability and Dependency Survey (SDDS) conducted by the Spanish National Statistics Institute to obtain the socioeconomic, demographic and health profiles. The households were classified into those below the poverty threshold and those above the threshold of catastrophe, using measures of impoverishment and catastrophe. We estimated two logistic regression models, one binary (impoverishment) and one ordinal (catastrophe).
resultsThe results show that OOP expenditure on LTC increases the probability of impoverishment by 18.90%. The factors associated with higher probability of experiencing catastrophe were age, being single, widowed or separated, lower levels of household income and education, higher level of dependence and living in an autonomous community with lower per capita income.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the need to include exemptions or insurance in the design of LTC policies to protect dependent persons from the risk of financial burden.
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