ReviewCellular and molecular neurobiology2019
Brain Control of Sexually Dimorphic Liver Function and Disease: The Endocrine Connection.
Review in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexual dimorphism in the liver.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- HDI-STARR-seq Identifies Functional GH-regulated Sex-Biased Hepatocyte Enhancers Linked to Liver Metabolism and Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Host biological sex directs immune control of theFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- GHRH and reproductive systems: Mechanisms, functions, and clinical implications.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Liver-specific actions of GH and IGF1 that protect against MASLD.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025 · on this mapReview
- Maternal Fed Zinc-Deficient Diet: Effects on Relaxin Family Peptides and Oxidant System in the Testis and Liver Tissue of Male Offspring.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Combined transcriptomics and proteomics unveil the impact of vitamin C in modulating specific protein abundance in the mouse liver.Biological research · 2024Article
- Sexual dimorphism of circadian liver transcriptome.iScience · 2024Article
- Modifications of the GH Axis Reveal Unique Sexually Dimorphic Liver Signatures forJournal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Sex and organ specific proteomic responses to vitamin C deficiency in the brain, heart, liver, and spleen of Gulo-/- mice.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Plasma Growth Hormone Pulses Induce Male-biased Pulsatile Chromatin Opening and Epigenetic Regulation in Adult Mouse Liver.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Constitutively Active STAT5b Feminizes Mouse Liver Gene Expression.Endocrinology · 2022Article
- Regulation of Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Major Urinary Proteins.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Harnessing natural variation to identify cis regulators of sex-biased gene expression in a multi-strain mouse liver model.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- The Impact of Maternal and Piglet Low Protein Diet and Their Interaction on the Porcine Liver Transcriptome around the Time of Weaning.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Sex Dimorphism of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Stress, Sex, and Sugar: Glucocorticoids and Sex-Steroid Crosstalk in the Sex-Specific Misprogramming of Metabolism.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A multistep signaling cascade originates in brain centers that regulate hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (Ghrh) and somatostatin expression levels and release to control the pattern of GH secretion. This process is sexually fine-tuned, and relays important information to the liver where GH receptors can be found. The temporal pattern of pituitary GH secretion, which is sex-specific in many species (episodic in males and more stable in females), represents a major component in establishing and maintaining the sexual dimorphism of hepatic gene transcription. The liver is sexually dimorphic exhibiting major differences in the profile of more than 1000 liver genes related to steroid, lipid, and foreign compound metabolism. Approximately, 90% of these sex-specific liver genes were shown to be primarily dependent on sexually dimorphic GH secretory patterns. This proposes an interesting scenario in which the central nervous system, indirectly setting GH profiles through GHRH and somatostatin control, regulates sexual dimorphism of liver activity in accordance with the need for sex-specific steroid metabolism and performance. We describe the influence of the loss of sexual dimorphism in liver gene expression due to altered brain function. Among other many factors, abnormal brain sexual differentiation, xenoestrogen exposure and D2R ablation from neurons dysregulate the GHRH-GH axis, and ultimately modify the liver capacity for adaptive mechanisms. We, therefore, propose that an inefficient brain control of the endocrine growth axis may underlie alterations in several metabolic processes through an indirect influence of sexual dimorphism of liver genes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.