ArticleBiomaterials science2019
Engineering release kinetics with polyelectrolyte multilayers to modulate TLR signaling and promote immune tolerance.
Article in Biomaterials science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antioxidant Polymeric and Non-Polymeric Nanoformulations for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Structural immunotherapy: Harnessing chemical design to build powerful next-generation therapeutics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Multilayer Adjuvanted Influenza Protein Nanoparticles Improve Intranasal Delivery and Antigen-Specific Immunity.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immune system and its response to traumatic injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Harnessing Biomaterials to Study and Direct Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy.ACS applied bio materials · 2023Review
- Biomaterial Strategies for Selective Immune Tolerance: Advances and Gaps.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Engineering the lymph node environment promotes antigen-specific efficacy in type 1 diabetes and islet transplantation.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Enhancing the functionality of self-assembled immune signals using chemical crosslinks.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Impact of disease-modifying therapy on dendritic cells and exploring their immunotherapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Influence of Natural Polysaccharides on Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Spherical Nucleic Acid Vaccine Structure Markedly Influences Adaptive Immune Responses of Clinically Utilized Prostate Cancer Targets.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Article
- Histatin 5 variant reduces Candida albicans biofilm viability and inhibits biofilm formation.Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B · 2021Article
- Mechanistic insight into the gut microbiome and its interaction with host immunity and inflammation.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2020Review
- Self-Assembly as a Molecular Strategy to Improve Immunotherapy.Accounts of chemical research · 2020Article
- Biomaterials as Tools to Decode Immunity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, occur when immune cells fail to recognize "self" molecules. Recently, studies have revealed aberrant inflammatory signaling through pathogen sensing pathways, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), during autoimmune disease. Therapeutic inhibition of these pathways might attenuate disease development, skewing disease-causing inflammatory cells towards cell types that promote tolerance. Delivering antagonistic ligands to a TLR upstream of an inflammatory signaling cascade, TLR9, has demonstrated exciting potential in a mouse model of MS; however, strategies that enable sustained delivery could reduce the need for repeated administration or enhance therapeutic efficacy. We hypothesized that GpG - an oligonucleotide TLR9 antagonist - which is inherently anionic, could be self-assembled into polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) with a cationic, degradable poly(β-amino ester) (Poly1). We hypothesized that degradable Poly1/GpG PEMs could promote sustained release of GpG and modulate inflammatory immune cell functions. Here we demonstrate layer-by-layer assembly of degradable PEMs, as well as subsequent degradation and release of GpG. Following assembly and release, GpG maintains the ability to reduce dendritic cell activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion, restrain TLR9 signaling, and polarize myelin specific T cells towards regulatory phenotypes and functions in primarily immune cells. These results indicate that degradable PEMs may be able to promote tolerogenic immune function in the context of autoimmunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.